الصفحة 56
الصفحة 56
Les infections intra-abdominales aiguës = Acute intra-abdominal infections
Paradoxically, serious intra-abdominal infections are the forgotten ones in the world of infectious diseases. Paradoxical, because they are very common pathologies, affecting all age groups of the population and often life-threatening; paradoxical, because they concern many medical specialties through intensive care, gastroenterology, hepatology, imaging, infectious diseases, emergencies and surgery. Hence the need, thanks to an interdisciplinary collaboration, to publish a book in French bringing together all infectious abdominal pathologies, thus offering a synthesis of recent data from the literature in this field. This document should allow the various specialties concerned to find updates integrating the latest clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic data. Specialty interns and practitioners in the field will find something to establish an effective and up-to-date strategy for the management of patients with these pathologies, the high incidence of which and the severity of which is too often overlooked, it is important to remember.
Les douleurs abdominales en questions : Rôle physiopathologique de la sensibilité viscérale = Abdominal pain in question : The pathophysiological role of visceral sensitivity
The gut-brain axis refers to the network of nerve pathways that connect the myenteric plexus, the veritable "gut brain," to the central nervous system. Nearly 80% of these neurons are sensory neurons, and the afferent pathways that transmit information from the digestive tract to the central nervous system play a crucial role in the physiological regulation of digestive functions, as well as in certain pathological conditions. A large majority of these sensations remain unconscious and give rise to reflex responses. Only those requiring a conscious response reach the level of awareness in a normal state (hunger, thirst, the urge to defecate). In pathological situations, the same is true for painful sensations of digestive origin. Functional bowel disorders are a frequent reason for consultation. Their pathophysiology is now based on a model integrating the various etiological factors around the brain-gut axis. These patients frequently present with visceral hypersensitivity, which manifests as an increased perception of digestive sensations, notably the onset of pain in response to stimuli that are not painful in normal subjects. Recognizing the role of visceral hypersensitivity has made it possible to explain the mechanism of action of medications used to treat functional bowel disorders and paves the way for the development of new molecules acting on digestive afferents. In this book, we will describe the anatomical and physiological basis for understanding the concept of visceral sensitivity and the role of digestive afferents in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic abdominal pain, particularly irritable bowel syndrome.
Leptomeningeal Metastases
Leptomeningeal Metastases provides the reader with an overview of the state-of-the-art therapy for the leptomeningeal patient with additional information on epidemiology, symptom management, new clinical trials, and current basic research in animal models for experimental therapies. "Leptomeningeal metastases remains a devastating manifestation of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Leading figures in the field review the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of this process. State-of-the-art treatment strategies are presented highlighting advances in current management."
Lectures on Quantum Gravity
A primary goal was to foster interaction and communication between participants from different cultures, both in the layman’s sense of the term and in terms of approaches to quantum gravity. We hope that the links formed by students and the school will persist throughout their professional lives, continuing to promote interaction and the essential exchange of ideas that drives research forward. This volume contains improved and updated versions of the lectures given at the School. It has been prepared both as a reminder for the participants, and so that these pedagogical introductions can be made available to others who were unable to attend. We expect them to serve students of all ages well.
Lectures on Probability Theory and Statistics : Ecole d'Eté de Probabilités de Saint-Flour XXXIII - 2003
Contains two of the three lectures that were given at the 33rd Probability Summer School in Saint-Flour (July 6-23, 2003). Amir Dembo’s course is devoted to recent studies of the fractal nature of random sets, focusing on some fine properties of the sample path of random walk and Brownian motion. In particular, the cover time for Markov chains, the dimension of discrete limsup random fractals, the multi-scale truncated second moment and the Ciesielski-Taylor identities are explored. Tadahisa Funaki’s course reviews recent developments of the mathematical theory on stochastic interface models, mostly on the so-called nabla varphi interface model. The results are formulated as classical limit theorems in probability theory, and the text serves with good applications of basic probability techniques.
Lectures on Advances in Combinatorics
The main focus of these lectures is basis extremal problems and inequalities – two sides of the same coin. Additionally they prepare well for approaches and methods useful and applicable in a broader mathematical context. Highlights of the book include a solution to the famous 4m-conjecture of Erdös/Ko/Rado 1938, one of the oldest problems in combinatorial extremal theory, an answer to a question of Erdös (1962) in combinatorial number theory "What is the maximal cardinality of a set of numbers smaller than n with no k+1 of its members pair wise relatively prime?", and the discovery that the AD-inequality implies more general and sharper number theoretical inequalities than for instance Behrend's inequality.
Learning Analytics : Using Talent Data to Improve Business Outcomes
Effective evaluation and measurement of learning and development initiatives is critical to maximise the impact of training, identify gaps for improvement and ensure that efforts are aligned to the business' needs. Learning Analytics outlines how analytical approaches can respond to these challenges, the types and benefits of technological solutions and how to ask the right questions of organizational data in order to build a learning organization that boosts performance and competitive advantage.
Leading Pharmaceutical Innovation : Trends and Drivers for Growth in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical giants have doubled their investments in drug development in the past decade only to see new drug approvals remain constant. This book investigates and highlights a set of proactive strategies aimed at generating sustainable competitive advantage based on value-generating business practices. We focus on three sources of pharmaceutical innovation: new management methods in the drug development pipeline, new technologies as enablers for cutting-edge R&D, and new forms of cooperation and internationalization, such as open innovation in the early phases of R&D. Our findings are illustrated by cases from Europe, the US, and Asia.
Lead-Free Electronic Solders : A Special Issue of the Journal of Materials Science : Materials in Electronics
In the last few decades the effect of lead contamination on human health has received significant attention. Based on such concerns, elimination of lead from ceramic glaze, paint, plumbing etc. has been legislated and implemented. However, until recently, solders used in electronics, based on suitability and knowledge-base developed over a long period of time, remained lead-based. Successive rapid advances in microelectronic devices in recent decades make them obsolete within a very short period after their introduction resulting in significant quantities of electronic wastes in landfills. Leaching of toxic lead from such electronic wastes can result in contamination of the human food chain causing serious health hazards. As a consequence, several European and Pacific Rim countries have passed legislations warranting elimination of lead from electronic solders by fast approaching deadlines. Global economic pressures brought on by such legislations have resulted in a flurry of research activities to find suitable lead-free substitutes for the traditional leaded electronic solders.
Leadership
• Practical, “how-to” approach that teaches you the skills you need to run a project successfully. • New spreads on powerful leadership while working remotely. / • Step-by-step instructions, tips, checklists and “Ask yourself” features that show you how to make an impact / • Tables, illustrations, “in-focus” panels and real-life case studies that demonstrate and explain problem-solving, and how to build confidence and get results.
Le manuel de réanimation, soins intensifs et médecine durgence = The manual of resuscitation, intensive care and emergency medicine
Offers an update of this book in a field that remains fascinating yet constantly evolving. Each chapter has been completely revised, expanded, and updated by the author. The didactic and practical approach has been maintained to ensure easy access for young doctors working in intensive care units, emergency physicians, and doctors on call in hospitals. These practitioners will find it helpful in understanding pathologies and implementing the most appropriate treatment.
Le dépistage du cancer du sein : un enjeu de santé publique = Breast cancer screening: a public health issue
Fifteen years after the first experiments, the breast cancer screening program was rolled out in France in 2004. It is aimed at more than eight million women aged 50 to 74. Public health action on such a scale is exemplary in Europe and especially in France where the health system is not centralized. The new edition of this book takes stock of the current state of the program and its initial results. It updates technical and radiological aspects, assessment indicators, communication and forensic problems and finally the progress of foreign programs. The history of the French program is detailed from the 1990s until 2006, with the publication of the latest version of the specifications by the Directorate General of Health. The short and medium term objectives are re-specified: to increase the participation of women, to retain them and to further improve the quality of practices. The challenge is to combine the performance of screening and therapeutic management to finally achieve a clear reduction in mortality, which has remained stable for twenty years.
Le dépistage du cancer colorectal : État des lieux et perspectives = Colorectal cancer screening: Current status and perspectives
Prevention and screening are two major challenges for Public Health to reduce cancer mortality in our country. Screening for colorectal cancer is therefore quite exemplary. The number one cancer in both sexes in France, its incidence continues to increase due to the aging of the population. Its mortality remains high, in the order of fifty percent, despite the major therapeutic advances made in recent years. Preceded by a precancerous lesion - the adenomatous polyp, which can be removed by colonoscopy - colorectal cancer is also curable at the early stage. Finally, it can be the subject of a screening strategy, the impact of which has been demonstrated today on the reduction in mortality, when it is detected before any symptom by a simple test for blood in the stool followed by , in case of positivity, by a total colonoscopy. This book takes stock of the scientific rationale and the state of play of organized colorectal cancer screening in France. It is also an opportunity to discuss emerging techniques and strategies that can help improve the results of this screening if they prove their superiority over the current strategy. Intended primarily for doctors, this book is also intended for healthcare professionals and all those who, concerned about their health, have a proactive attitude in terms of screening and preventing this cancer.
Le dépistage du cancer bronchique : De l'espoir à la réalité = Lung cancer screening : From hope to reality
An ambitious program has been launched in terms of research, diagnosis, prevention, and screening. Among cancers, the leading cause of cancer death is lung cancer. This disease, so closely linked to behavioral habits, both focuses and encapsulates the problem. Despite constant progress in treatment, the prognosis remains bleak, explaining the fatalistic impression left by the last decade. While significant efforts were being made in screening for other cancer sites, lung cancer remained in the shadows, with studies showing limited effectiveness in this approach. The advent of spiral CT scanning has revolutionized the field, giving rise to new hope alongside anti-smoking campaigns. Autofluorescence endoscopy, by enabling the diagnosis of pre-neoplastic lesions, completes an arsenal that finally allows us to envision an effective, combined strategy. This book brings together all the elements relating to screening and early diagnosis. The road from hope to reality is long, but we must acknowledge that, for the first time, we know it exists.
Layce (Image data poisoning) = لايس (تسميم بيانات الصور )
The ongoing growth of image generative artificial intelligence models was paved with existing drawings and art pieces by great artists both past and present, and while generative models are very useful and helpful, there is the issue of the origin of the datasets trained on, and the morality of usage regarding copyrights and artistic identity. A novel line of defense that helps artists and visual content creators actively protect their pieces emerged, dubbed Data Poisoning and it works by misleading Artificial Intelligence models that attempt to use a Poisoned Image for training, or as a reference, as the Poisoned Image will appear to the human eye identical to the original art piece, while the Artificial Intelligence model will be seeing a remarkably different image, causing generative models to generate false positive results when given a prompt poisoned by the author or when trained on data poisoned by the original owner. This study aims to study image data poisoning methods and technologies, and build an application containing multiple image models, and poisoning models as well, accompanied by a Community for artists to share art and interact with each other.
Law, Humanities and the COVID Crisis
Seeks to address the immediacy of COVID-19 by focusing on the implications of the virus in a wider interdisciplinary context Law, Humanities and the COVID Crisis</i> sets out a framework for understanding the COVID-19 virus beyond its epidemiological constraints, asking us to question the very definition of what it means to be human. Researchers from around the world offer their critical reflections on the past, present, and future of this period of sociocultural upheaval and the tremendous suffering that has laid bare fundamental imbalances in our society.
Law of contract and specific relief
The book deals with the intricacies of contract law in a straightforward and lucid style. The book covers many new developing areas in contract law which are of practical and academic importance. The current twelfth edition of the book has been thoroughly revised and updated by the author.
Lattice Hadron Physics
This series of lectures draws upon the developments made in recent years in implementing chirality on the lattice via the overlap formalism. These developments exploit chiral effective field theory in order to extrapolate lattice results to physical quark masses, new forms of improving operators to remove lattice artefacts, analytical studies of finite volume effects in hadronic observables, and state-of-the-art lattice calculations of excited resonances. This volume is designed to assist those outside the field who want quickly to becoming literate in these topics. So it is intended for graduate students and experienced researchers in other areas of hadronic physics to provide the background through which they can appreciate, if not become active in, contemporary lattice gauge theory and its applications to hadronic phenomena.
Lattice Boltzmann Modeling : An Introduction for Geoscientists and Engineers
Lattice Boltzmann models have a remarkable ability to simulate single- and multi-phase fluids and transport processes within them. A rich variety of behaviors, including higher Reynolds numbers flows, phase separation, evaporation, condensation, cavitation, buoyancy, and interactions with surfaces can readily be simulated. This book provides a basic introduction that emphasizes intuition and simplistic conceptualization of processes. It avoids the more difficult mathematics that underlies LB models. The model is viewed from a particle perspective where collisions, streaming, and particle-particle/particle-surface interactions constitute the entire conceptual framework. Beginners and those with more interest in model application than detailed mathematical foundations will find this a powerful "quick start" guide. Example simulations, exercises, and computer codes are included. Working code is provided on the Internet
Lasers, Clocks and Drag-Free Control : Exploration of Relativistic Gravity in Space
Over the next decade the gravitational physics community will benefit from dramatic improvements in many technologies critical to testing gravity. Highly accurate deep space navigation, interplanetary laser communication, interferometry and metrology, high precision frequency standards, precise pointing and attitude control, together with drag-free technologies, will revolutionize the field of experimental gravitational physics. The centennial of the general theory of relativity in 2015 will motivate a significant number of experiments designed to test this theory with unprecedented accuracy.
