الصفحة 5
الصفحة 5
Esterification of Polysaccharides
Polysaccharide esters (cellulose and starch) are among the first polymeric materials applied commercially. The way of producing these technically relevant derivatives, mainly the carboxylic acid esters of C2 to C4 acids, have not been changed significantly during their history of manufacture. The investigation of new acylation methods and strategies of analysis was revived during the last decade by the search for tailored, biocompatible, material for specific fields of application, e.g., biotechnology, sensor technique and medicine. Unconventional solvents were developed for completely homo-geneous acylation reaction applying state of the art techniques of modern organic chemistry for polysaccharide modification. This book will provide a first comprehensive summary of acylation methods in a very practical manner. Detailed structure analysis is indispensable for the evaluation of structure-property-relationships. Spectroscopic methods in particular FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy including two dimensional methods are of increasing importance.
Essentials of industrial pharmacy
Presents various pharmaceutical processes and equipment that are frequently used for production of pharmaceutical dosage forms, along with quality control tests of these dosage forms. Pictorial/graphical illustrations provide easier understanding of complex pharmaceutical concepts, manufacturing processes of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Since it is imperative for pharmacy students to have a clear understanding of the basic concepts used in development of drugs into suitable and stable dosage forms.
Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polymers
New polymers have been developed and "old" polymers have been generated using novel synthetic strategies. This book contains seven chapters that cover in great deatail the use of enzymes to synthesize a range of polymers. It also makes use of a large number of examples to summarize the salient features of the enzymatic reactions and resulting polymeric properties.
Environmental and Microbial Relationships
After the publication of Volume IV in 1997, the introduction of molecular methods into ecology led to significant new findings. Emphasizing these advances, the chapters for the second edition have been completely updated and revised. This volume provides insight into current research on fungal populations and communities. It focuses on fungal responses to the physical environment, interactions with other fungi, microorganisms and invertebrates, the role of fungi in ecosystem processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling, and aspects of biogeography and conservation. Several chapters deal with various applications in, e.g. biological pest control, natural products discovery, and the degradation of toxic organic compounds. This is an invaluable source of information both for scientists who wish to update their knowledge of current progress and for graduate students interested in obtaining a first overview of this field of research.
Enhancing the Dissolution Rate of Atorvastatin by Solid Dispersion Technique
In the last few decades, solid dispersion (SD) technology had been studied as an approach to produce an amorphous carrier to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The use of suitable carrier and methodology in the preparation of SDs play a significant role in the biological behavior of the SDs. Atorvastatin is a statin group HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor drug that is commonly used to adverse cardiovascular events and to lower blood total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. the solubility of atorvastatin in water is very low (0.1 mg mL− 1), which results in reduced bioavailability. In order to enhance its solubility, we have prepared solid dispersions (SDs) of atorvastatin at different drug: polymer ratios (1:2, 1:10, 1:20,1:25 and 1:40), using polyethylene glycol 6000 as polymer and different preparation methods (co-precipitate and melting methods) The characterization of the SDs was performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) The solubility of AT was improved by the incorporation PEG6000.
Engineering Damage Mechanics : Ductile, Creep, Fatigue and Brittle Failures
Engineering Damage Mechanics is deliberately oriented toward applications of Continuum Damage Mechanics to failures of mechanical and civil engineering components in ductile, creep, fatigue and brittle conditions depending upon the thermomechanical loading and the materials: metals and alloys, polymers, elastomers, composites, concretes. Nevertheless, to help engineers, researchers, beginners or not, the first two chapters are devoted to the main concepts of damage mechanics and to the associated computational tools.
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers
The editor offers scientists, engineers, academia, and others interested in adhesives, coatings, elastomers, inks, plastics, and textiles a valuable communication tool within this book. In addition, the more recent innovations and biocompatible polymers and adhesives products have necessitated inclusion into any lexicon that addresses polymeric materials. Communication among scientific and engineering personnel has always been of critical importance, andas in any technical field, the terms and descriptions of materials and processes lag the availability of a manual or handbook that would benefit individuals working and studying in scientific and engineering disciplines.
Emissive Materials : Nanomaterials
This review book, although uneven, will play a role in guiding scientists who are thinking about working in the fields generally lumped together as ‘emissive nanomaterials’. It is carefully referenced, and each of the four chapters includes a long list of abbreviations used therin, which should make it easier for student use.
EMC 2008 ; 14th European Microscopy Congress 1-5 September 2008, Aachen, Germany ; Vol.2 : Materials Science
Proceedings of the14th European Microscopy Congress, held in Aachen, Germany, 1-5 September 2008. Jointly organised by the European Microscopy Society (EMS), the German Society for Electron Microscopy (DGE) and the local microscopists from RWTH Aachen University and the Research Centre Jülich, the congress brings together scientists from Europe and from all over the world. The scientific programme covers all recent developments in the three major areas of instrumentation and methods, materials science and life science.
Electron Microscopy of Polymers
There are many books on electron microscopy, however, the study of polymers using EM necessitates special techniques, precautions and preparation methods, including ultramicrotomy. This book discusses the general characteristics of the various techniques of EM, including scanning force microscopy (AFM). The application of these techniques to the study of morphology and properties, particularly micromechanical properties, is described in detail. Examples from all classes of polymers are presented.
Electron crystallography : Novel approaches for structure determination of nanosized materials
During the last decade we have been witness to several exciting achievements in electron crystallography. This includes structural and charge density studies on organic molecules complicated inorganic and metallic materials in the amorphous, nano-, meso- and quasi-crystalline state and also development of new software, tailor-made for the special needs of electron crystallography. This volume comprises the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Electron Crystallography: Novel Approaches for Structure Determination of Nanosized Materials, Erice, Italy, 10 - 24 June 2004
Electromagnetic Aquametry : Electromagnetic wave interaction with water and moist substances
This book covers all aspects of Electromagnetic Aquametry. It summarizes the wide area of metrology and its applications in electromagnetic sensing of moist materials. The physical properties of water in various degrees of binding interacting with electromagnetic fields is presented by model systems. The book describes measurement methods and sensors in the frequency domain, TDR-techniques for environmental problems, methods and sensors for quality assessment of biological substances, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques
Electroactive Polymers for Robotic Application : Artificial Muscles and Sensors
Electroactive polymers (EAPs) respond to electrical stimulation with large deformations. They are dynamic actuators which have attracted attention from an interdisciplinary audience of engineers and scientists. An enabling EAP technology is emerging which attempts to imitate the properties of natural muscle and which, as a result, can perform a unique function in a variety of biologically-inspired robotics applications. Electroactive Polymers for Robotics Applications covers the fundamental properties, modelling and demonstration of EAPs in robotic applications, focusing particularly on artificial muscles and sensors. Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite Actuators and Dielectric Elastomers are discussed within the book with chapters on their properties and their uses in robotics applications.
Egg yolk oil hydrogel as treatment for burns
Burns are a global public health problem, and the rate of child deaths from burns is currently over 7 times higher in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Hydrogels consist of water-containing, water-soluble polymers which are linked to form a three-dimensional network. They are breathable and can be used for different types of burns (closed, open, weeping, or dry). By contrast, occlusive ointments, which often have a fatty base, are considered rather unfavorable for burn and are primarily suitable for use on irritated, unburn skin...
Dynamics of Fibre Formation and Processing : Modelling and Application in Fibre and Textile Industry
The book deals with the modelling of steady state and non-steady state basic processes of fibre formation and fibre processing. Focal points are melt spinning processes (polymers and glass, drawing, spunbonded nonwoven), spun yarn spinning processes (drafting, carding) and the description of the dynamics in different process steps during the fibre processing (fibre transport, fibre heating and cooling, false twist texturing). A special chapter deals with dynamics of tensile force (measuring and evaluation possibilities) and its importance for the process stability. All presented examples are based on industrial practice and give the reader a direct imagination of the discussed problems. The results are explained in a userfriendly way and give the practitioner the possibility to optimize his or her own processing.
Drug delivery aspects : Expectations and realities of multifunctional drug delivery systems ; Vol.4 : Expectations and realities of multifunctional drug delivery systems
Reviews additional features of drug delivery systems, along with the standard formulation development, like preclinical testing, conversion into solid dosage forms, roles of excipients and polymers used on stability and sterile processing. There is a focus on formulation engineering and related large scale (GMP) manufacturing, regulatory, and functional aspects of drug delivery systems. A detailed discussion on biologics and vaccines gives insights to readers on new developments in this direction.
Diffusion in Condensed Matter : Methods, Materials, Models
Diffusion as the process of particle transport due to stochastic movement is a phenomenon of crucial relevance for a large variety of processes and materials. This comprehensive, handbook-style survey of diffusion in condensed matter gives detailed insight into diffusion as the process of particle transport due to stochastic movement. Leading experts in the field describe in 23 chapters the different aspects of diffusion, covering microscopic and macroscopic experimental techniques and exemplary results for various classes of solids, liquids and interfaces as well as several theoretical concepts and models. Students and scientists in physics, chemistry, materials science, and biology will benefit from this detailed compilation.
Development of geopolymer from pond ash-thermal power plant waste : Novel constructional materials for civil engineers
Demonstrates how to utilize fly ash/pond ash (waste materials from thermal power plants) to produce a novel material called 'Geopolymer' (GP). Red mud, slags, etc., are mixed with fly ash to produce GP with enhanced strength. As shown in a few European countries, GP can replace cement, and some permanent structures constructed with GP are now appearing in a few advanced countries. GP, and geopolymer concrete, is considered suitable for the construction of roads, buildings, etc., and will eventually, fully or partially, replace cement.
Development and characterization of a dispersion-encoded method for low-coherence interferometry
This book discusses an extension to low-coherence interferometry by dispersion-encoding. The approach is theoretically designed and implemented for applications such as surface profilometry, polymeric cross-linking estimation and the determination of thin-film layer thicknesses. During a characterization, it was shown that an axial measurement range of 79.91 µm with an axial resolution of 0.1 nm is achievable. Simultaneously, profiles of up to 1.5 mm in length were obtained in a scan-free manner. This marked a significant improvement in relation to the state-of-the-art in terms of dynamic range.
Dental materials : Properties and manipulation ; 11th ed.
Comprehensive and cutting-edge content describes the latest materials commonly used in dental practice, including those in esthetics, ceramics, dental implants, and impressions. Approximately 500 illustrations and photographs make it easier to understand properties and differences in both materials and specific types of products. Review questions provide an excellent study tool with 20 to 30 self-test questions in each chapter. Quick Review boxes summarize the material in each chapter. Note boxes highlight key points and important terminology throughout the text. Key terms are bolded at their initial mention in the text and defined in the glossary. A logical and consistent format sets up a solid foundation before progressing into discussions of specific materials, moving from the more common and simple applications such as composites to more specialized areas such as polymers and dental implants. Learning objectives in each chapter focus readers’ attention on essential information. Supplemental readings in each chapter cite texts and journal articles for further research and study.
