الصفحة 5
الصفحة 5
Mitral valve diseases
The heart is a pump consisting of 4 chambers:2 atria and 2 ventricles and 4 valves one of them is mitral valve which is located betweenthe left atrium and the left ventricle and prevents the backward flow of blood.Ithas several unique features: Mitral annulus, two leaflets, the chordae tendineaeand papillary muscles. The mitral valve may become stenotic or may regurgitate. Regurgitation(or leakage of the valve): When the valve (s) do not close completely. Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve): When the valve (s) opening becomes narrowed. Mitral stenosis is categorized as mild, moderate or severe it is typically causedby (Rheumatic fever, A congenital heart, Calcium deposits .....) and it caused severalsymptoms such as: dyspnea, hemoptysis, fatigue, Chest pain and others Where as the Signs and symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation, can include: Abnormal heart sound, Shortness of breath, Heart palpitations, Fatigue, edma, Coughing.
Mitochondria : The Dynamic Organelle
This volume discusses the death pathways that are initiated by the mitochondria. Novel therapeutic interventions are proposed which interfere with the death cascades, thereby rescuing the cell from mitochondria-linked apoptosis and necrotic oncosis.
Minimally invasive periodontal therapy : Clinical techniques and visualization technology
The long-term success of periodontal therapy is dependent on proper diagnosis and removal of subgingival tooth-borne accretions in the form of calculus and bacteria. From a clinical perspective, better visualization during the diagnostic and therapeutic phases has been shown to yield better results compared to traditional approaches.Minimally Invasive Periodontal Therapy evaluates the advantages of using minimal invasive techniques, the technologies available for enhancing visualization during minimally invasive therapy, and step-by-step illustrates the clinical use of each technique.
Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton
Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton serves as an essential guide containing unique systematic description of all calcified components of the mouse. This detailed atlas fulfils an emerging need for high resolution anatomical details as mice become a standard laboratory animal in skeletal research and the use of m CT technology is rapidly increasing as a key analytical tool in the study of bone.
Microprocessor 3 : Core concepts - hardware aspects
Calculation is the main function of a computer. The central unit is responsible for executing the programs. The microprocessor is its integrated form. This component, since the announcement of its marketing in 1971, has not stopped breaking records in terms of computing power, price reduction and integration of functions (calculation of basic functions, storage with integrated controllers). It is present today in most electronic devices. Knowing its internal mechanisms and programming is essential for the electronics engineer and computer scientist to understand and master the operation of a computer and advanced concepts of programming.
Microprocessor 2 : Communication in a digital system
Focuses more particularly on the first generations of microprocessors, that is to say those that handle integers in 4 and 8-bit formats. The first chapter presents the calculation function and reminds the memory function. The following is devoted to notions of calculation model and architecture. The concept of bus is then presented. Chapters 4 and 5 can then address the internal organization and operation of the microprocessor first in hardware and then software. The mechanism of the function call, conventional and interrupted, is more particularly detailed in a separate chapter. The book ends with a presentation of architectures of the first microcomputers for a historical perspective. The knowledge is presented in the most exhaustive way possible with examples drawn from current and old technologies that illustrate and make accessible the theoretical concepts. Each chapter ends if necessary with corrected exercises and a bibliography. The list of acronyms used and an index are at the end of the book.
Microprocessor 1 : Prolegomena - calculation and storage functions - models of computation and computer architecture
Presents the computation function, recalls the memory function and clarifies the concepts of computational models and architecture. A comprehensive approach is used, with examples drawn from current and past technologies that illustrate theoretical concepts, making them accessible.
Micromechanics of Contact and Interphase Layers
Micromechanics provides a link between the structure and the properties at different scales of observation. This book deals with micromechanical analysis of interfaces and interface layers and presents several modelling tools, ranging from the rigorous method of asymptotic expansions to practical finite element simulations, suitable for this class of problems. Two application areas are discussed. Boundary layers associated with contact of rough bodies are modelled by applying a scale transition approach in which a macroscopic interface of zero thickness is seen at the micro-scale as a layer with some finite thickness. Secondly, evolution of laminated microstructures accompanying stress-induced martensitic transformations in shape memory alloys (SMA) is analyzed as an illustration of the case when the local interfacial phenomena – here the propagation of phase transformation fronts – govern the macroscopic behaviour of a heterogeneous material.
Microeconomics for Managers ; 2nd ed.
Shows future managers how economics can provide practical answers to critical business problems. Focuses on case studies and real companies, such as Amazon, Microsoft, General Motors, United Airlines, and Xerox. Covers essential topics for future managers—including price discrimination, Porter’s five forces, risk sharing and spreading, signaling and screening, credibility and reputation, and economics and organizational behavior / Features an online supplement (available at micro4managers.stanford.edu) for students that provides solutions to the problems in the book, longer caselike exercises, review problems, a calculus review, and more
Metric Spaces
The abstract concepts of metric ces are often perceived as difficult. This book offers a unique approach to the subject which gives readers the advantage of a new perspective familiar from the analysis of a real line. Rather than passing quickly from the definition of a metric to the more abstract concepts of convergence and continuity, the author takes the concrete notion of distance as far as possible, illustrating the text with examples and naturally arising questions. Attention to detail at this stage is designed to prepare the reader to understand the more abstract ideas with relative ease.
Methods of nonlinear analysis : Applications to differential equations
In this book, fundamental methods of nonlinear analysis are introduced, discussed and illustrated in straightforward examples. Every method considered is motivated and explained in its general form, but presented in an abstract framework as comprehensively as possible. Applications and generalizations are shown. In particular, a large number of methods is applied to boundary value problems for partial differential equations.
Methods in Nonlinear Analysis
Nonlinear analysis has developed rapidly in the last three decades. Theories, techniques and results in many different branches of mathematics have been combined in solving nonlinear problems. This book collects and reorganizes up-to-date materials scattered throughout the literature from the methodology point of view, and presents them in a systematic way. It contains the basic theories and methods with many interesting problems in partial and ordinary differential equations, differential geometry and mathematical physics as applications.There are five chapters that cover linearization, fixed-point theorems based on compactness and convexity, topological degree theory, minimization and topological variational methods. Each chapter combines abstract, classical and applied analysis. Particular topics included are bifurcation, perturbation, gluing technique, transversality, Nash–Moser technique, Ky Fan's inequality and Nash equilibrium in game theory, setvalued mappings and differential equations with discontinuous nonlinear terms, multiple solutions in partial differential equations, direct method, quasiconvexity and relaxation, Young measure, compensation compactness method and Hardy space, concentration compactness and best constants, Ekeland variational principle, infinite-dimensional Morse theory, minimax method, index theory with group action, and Conley index theory.
Methods for Constructing Exact Solutions of Partial Differential Equations: Mathematical and Analytical Techniques with Applications to Engineering
The book is primarily designed to present both fundamental theoretical and algorithmic aspects of these methods. The description of algorithms contains illustrative examples which are typically taken from continuum mechanics. Some sections of the book introduce new applications and extensions of these methods.
Méthodes Numériques : Algorithmes, analyse et applications = Numerical Methods : Algorithms, Analysis and Applications
This book aims to present the theoretical and methodological foundations of numerical analysis. Particular attention is paid to the concepts of stability, precision and complexity of algorithms. Modern methods relating to the following topics are presented and analyzed in detail: solving linear and nonlinear systems, polynomial approximation, optimization, numerical integration, orthogonal polynomials, rapid transformations, ordinary differential equations. The techniques presented are illustrated by numerous tables and figures. Many examples and counter-examples are offered to allow the reader to develop his critical sense.
Méthodes mathématiques en chimie quantique : Une introduction = Mathematical methods in quantum chemistry : An introduction
This book presents the mathematical foundations of several models of quantum chemistry. It is intended for graduate students in mathematics (and possibly also for scientists from physics or chemistry interested in understanding the formal underpinnings of their models), and introduces techniques and methods from several mathematical fields, in particular variational techniques, nonlinear analysis, spectral theory and partial differential equations theory.
Metals in Society and in the Environment : A Critical Review of Current Knowledge on Fluxes, Speciation, Bioavailability and Risk for Adverse Effects of Copper, Chromium, Nickel and Zinc
In 2002, the Swedish Metal Information Task Force (MITF) engaged the Environmental Research Group (MFG) to update previous monographs on copper, zinc and major alloying metals (such as chromium, nickel and molybdenum) in society and in the environment. This book presents new results on metal fluxes from society to the environment, on metal speciation in water, soil and sediment, and its interpretation in terms of mobility, biological uptake and toxicity. The scientific fundamentals of new approaches, like the Acid Volatile Sulphide (AVS) concept to predict metal bioavailability in sediments, and the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) to calculate the toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms, are critically evaluated, with a focus on copper, nickel, zinc, and, in part, chromium.
Metal Forming Practise : Processes - Machines - Tools
Economical and flexible, advanced metal-forming processes form the core of modern industrial production. This professional sourcebook presents the most important metal-working and shearing processes and the related machines and tooling - in a concise form that is supplemented by ample illustrations, tables and flow charts. Practical examples show how to calculate the forces and strain energy of the processes and the specific parameters of the machines, while exercises enable readers to check their comprehension.
Metakaolin and Fly Ash as Mineral Admixtures for Concrete
Deals with modern theoretical concepts related to the impact of fly ash and metakaolin admixtures on structure formation processes of concrete. Results of the effect of fly ash, metakaolin and their composition on properties of self-compacting and self-leveling concrete are presented. Based on mathematical models, obtained using mathematical experiments planning methodology, the impact of the main factors and their combination on workability, strength and other properties that determine efficiency and durability of concrete are analyzed. Using calculated dependencies, a methodology for designing optimal compositions of concrete containing active mineral admixtures and superplasticizers is proposed. Features of industrial production of concrete for the proposed compositions are discussed. The book is intended for specialists working in the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products and elements. It can also be used by construction engineers to design compositions of cost-effective self-compacting and self-leveling concrete as well as to determine the rational direction of using technogenic raw materials like ash and metakaolin.
Meshfree Methods for Partial Differential Equations III
Meshfree methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations are becoming more and more mainstream in many areas of applications. Their flexiblity and wide applicability are attracting engineers, scientists, and mathematicians to this very dynamic research area. This volume represents the state of the art in meshfree methods. It consists of articles which address the different meshfree techniques, their mathematical properties and their application in applied mathematics, physics and engineering.
Meshfree Methods for Partial Differential Equations II
A Particle Strategy for Solving the Fokker-Planck Equation Modelling the Fiber Orientation Distribution in Steady Recirculating Flows Involving Short Fiber Suspensions.- Extended Meshfree Method for Elastic and Inelastic Media.- Meshfree Petrov-Galerkin Methods for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations.- The ?-shape Based Natural Element Method in Solid and Fluid Mechanics.- A Particle-Partition of Unity Method Part VI: A p-robust Multilevel Solver.- Enriched Reproducing Kernel Approximation: Reproducing Functions with Discontinuous Derivatives.- Reproducing Kernel Element Interpolation: Globally Conforming I m/C n/P k Hierarchies.- Multi-scale Analysis Using Two Influence Radii in EFGM.- Solution of a Dynamic Main Crack Interaction with a System of Micro-Cracks by the Element Free Galerkin Method.- Finite Cover Method for Physically and Geometrically Nonlinear Problems.- A Numerical Scheme for Solving Incompressible and Low Mach Number Flows by the Finite Pointset Method.- SPH Renormalized Hybrid Methods for Conservation Laws: Applications to Free Surface Flows.- Discontinuous Radial Basis Function Approximations for Meshfree Methods.- Treating Moving Interfaces in Thermal Models with the C-NEM.- Bridging Scale Particle and Finite Element Methods.
