الصفحة 46
الصفحة 46
CMOS PLL synthesizers : Analysis and design
CMOS PLL Synthesizers: Analysis and Design presents both fundamentals and state-of-the-art PLL synthesizer design and analysis techniques. A complete overview of both system-level and circuit-level design and analysis is given. A 16mW, 2.4GHz, sub-2V, S D fractional-N synthesizer prototype is implemented in 0.35mm CMOS. It features a high-speed and robust phase-switching prescaler, and a low-complexity and area-efficient loop capacitance multiplier, which tackle speed and integration bottlenecks of PLL synthesizers." "This book is useful as a PLL synthesizer manual for both academic researchers and industry design engineers.
Cloud-Resolving Modeling of Convective Processes
Introduces the framework of cloud-resolving model, methodologies for analysis of modeling outputs, and validation of simulations with observations. The book details important scientific findings in the aspects of surface rainfall processes, precipitation efficiency, dynamic and thermodynamic processes associated with tropical convection, diurnal variations, radiative and cloud microphysical processes associated with development of cloud clusters, air-sea coupling on convective scales, climate equilibrium states, and remote sensing applications.
Cloud Computing Solutions : Architecture, Data Storage, Implementation, and Security
Includes all the cloud-related technologies in a single platform, so that researchers, academicians, postgraduate students, and those in the industry can easily understand the cloud-based ecosystems. Discusses the evolution of cloud computing through grid computing and cluster computing. It will help researchers and practitioners to understand grid and distributed computing cloud infrastructure, virtual machines, virtualization, live migration, scheduling techniques, auditing concept, security and privacy, business models, and case studies through the state-of-the-art cloud computing countermeasures. The topics treated in the book include:The evolution of cloud computing from grid computing, cluster computing, and distributed systems / Covers cloud computing and virtualization environments / Discusses live migration, database, auditing, and applications as part of the materials related to cloud computing / Provides concepts of cloud storage, cloud strategy planning, and management, cloud security, and privacy issues / Explains complex concepts clearly and covers information for advanced users and beginners.
Close Binaries in the 21st Century : New Opportunities and Challenges
This book is the proceedings of an international conference entitled "Close Binaries in the 21st Century: New Opportunities and Challenges", held in Syros island, Greece, June 27-30, 2005. Contributions to this conference covered the latest achievements in the field and reflected the state of the art of the dynamically evolving area of binary star research.
Mathematical Modelling of Biosystems
This volume is an interdisciplinary book, which introduces, in a very readable way, state of the art research in the fundamental topics of mathematical modelling of Biosystems. These topics include: the study of Biological Growth and its mechanisms, the coupling of pattern to form via theorems of Differential Geometry, the human immunodeficiency virus dynamics, the inverse folding problem and the possibility of analysing true protein backbone flexibility, the Biclustering techniques for the organization of microarray data, the analytical approach to the modelling of biomolecular structure via Steiner trees, the action of biocides on resistance mechanisms of mutated and phenotypic bacteria strains, a description of the fundamental processes for the distribution and abundances of species towards a unified theory of Ecology, and a special introduction to Protein Physics aiming to explain the all-or-none first order phase transitions from native to denatured states.
Mathematical Modeling of Complex Biological Systems : A Kinetic Theory Approach
Describes the evolution of several socio-biological systems using mathematical kinetic theory. Specifically, it deals with modeling and simulations of biological systems—comprised of large populations of interacting cells—whose dynamics follow the rules of mechanics as well as rules governed by their own ability to organize movement and biological functions. The authors propose a new biological model for the analysis of competition between cells of an aggressive host and cells of a corresponding immune system.Because the microscopic description of a biological system is far more complex than that of a physical system of inert matter, a higher level of analysis is needed to deal with such complexity. Mathematical models using kinetic theory may represent a way to deal with such complexity, allowing for an understanding of phenomena of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics not described by the traditional macroscopic approach. The proposed models are related to the generalized Boltzmann equation and describe the population dynamics of several interacting elements (kinetic population models).The particular models proposed by the authors are based on a framework related to a system of integro-differential equations, defining the evolution of the distribution function over the microscopic state of each element in a given system. Macroscopic information on the behavior of the system is obtained from suitable moments of the distribution function over the microscopic states of the elements involved.
Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems ; Vol. II : Epidemiology, Evolution and Ecology,Immunology, Neural Systems and the Brain, and Innovative Mathematical Methods
This two-volume, interdisciplinary work is a unified presentation of a broad range of state-of-the-art topics in the rapidly growing field of mathematical modeling in the biological sciences. Highlighted throughout both works are mathematical and computational approaches to examine central problems in the life sciences, ranging from the organizational principles of individual cells to the dynamics of large populations.
Mathematical Modeling of Biological Systems ; Vol. I : Cellular Biophysics, Regulatory Networks, Development, Biomedicine, and Data Analysis
This two-volume, interdisciplinary work is a unified presentation of a broad range of state-of-the-art topics in the rapidly growing field of mathematical modeling in the biological sciences. Highlighted throughout both works are mathematical and computational approaches to examine central problems in the life sciences, ranging from the organizational principles of individual cells to the dynamics of large populations.
Mathematical Methods in Electro-Magneto-Elasticity
The mechanics of Coupled Fields is a discipline at the edge of modern research connecting Continuum Mechanics with Solid State Physics. It integrates the Mechanics of Continuous Media, Heat Conductivity and the theory of Electromagnetism that are usually studied seperately. For an accurate description of the influence of static and dynamic loadings, high temperatures and strong electromagneticfields in elastic media and constructive installations, a new aproach is required; an approach that has the potential to establish a synergism between the above-mentioned fields. Throughout the book a vast number of problems are considered: two-dimensional problems of electro-magneto-elasticity as well as static and dynamical problems for piecewise homogenous compound piezoelectric plates weakened by cracks and openings. The boundary conditions, the constuctive equations and the mathematical methods for their solution are thoroughly presented, so that the reader can get a clear quantative and qualitative understnding of the phenomena taking place.
Mathematical Formulas for Economists
The present collection of formulas has been composed for students of economics or management science at universities, colleges and trade schools. It contains basic knowledge in mathematics, financial mathematics and statistics in a compact and clearly arranged form. This volume is meant to be a reference work to be used by students of undergraduate courses together with a textbook and by researchers in need of exact statements of mathematical results. People dealing with practical or applied problems will also find this collection to be an efficient and easy-to-use work of reference.
Mathematical Formulas for Economists
This collection of formulas constitutes a compendium of mathematics for eco nomics and business. It contains the most important formulas, statements and algorithms in this significant subfield of modern mathematics and addresses primarily students of economics or business at universities, colleges and trade schools. But people dealing with practical or applied problems will also find this collection to be an efiicient and easy-to-use work of reference. First the book treats mathematical symbols and constants, sets and state ments, number systems and their arithmetic as well as fundamentals of com binatorics. The chapter on sequences and series is followed by mathematics of finance, the representation of functions of one and several independent vari ables, their differential and integral calculus and by differential and difference equations. In each case special emphasis is placed on applications and models in economics. The chapter on linear algebra deals with matrices, vectors, determinants and systems of linear equations. This is followed by the representation of struc tures and algorithms of linear programming. Finally, the reader finds formu las on descriptive statistics (data analysis, ratios, inventory and time series analysis), on probability theory (events, probabilities, random variables and distributions) and on inductive statistics (point and interval estimates, tests). Some important tables complete the work.
Mathematical and Computational Models for Congestion Charging
This book presents rigorous treatments of issues related to congestion pricing. The chapters describe recent advances in areas such as mathematical and computational models for predicting traffic congestion, determining when, where, and how much to levy tolls, and analyzing the impact of tolls on transporation systems. The analyses and methodologies developed in this book provide Mechanisms that aid in determining and comparing congestion pricing schemes; Methodologies for evaluating the efficiency of existing and proposed congestion pricing schemes; A means to predict the impact of pricing on urban transporation systems; and Information essential to the financial and political success of congestion pricing programs.
Materials Fundamentals of Gate Dielectrics
This book presents materials fundamentals of novel gate dielectrics that are being introduced into semiconductor manufacturing to ensure the continuous scalling of the CMOS devices. This is a very fast evolving field of research so we choose to focus on the basic understanding of the structure, thermodunamics, and electronic properties of these materials that determine their performance in device applications. Most of these materials are transition metal oxides. Ironically, the d-orbitals responsible for the high dielectric constant cause sever integration difficulties thus intrinsically limiting high-k dielectrics. Though new in the electronics industry many of these materials are wel known in the field of ceramics, and we describe this unique connection. The complexity of the structure-property relations in TM oxides makes the use of the state of the art first-principles calculations necessary. Several chapters give a detailed description of the modern theory of polarization, and heterojunction band discontinuity within the framework of the density functional theory. Experimental methods include oxide melt solution calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, Raman scattering and other optical characterization techniques, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Materials for Tomorrow : Theory, Experiments and Modelling
This book contains six chapters on central topics in materials science. Each is written by specialists in the field, and gives a state-of-the-art presentation of the subject for graduate students and scientists not necessarily working in that field. Computer simulations of new materials, theory and experimental work are all extensively discussed. As nanomaterials are of great current interest, most of the topics discussed have a bearing on nanomaterials and nanodevices. In addition to inorganic nanotubes, metallic nanocrystals, electronic nanodevices, spintronics and interfaces on an atomic scale, the text also presents computer simulations on one of the less well understood fields in solid-state physics and materials science: glasses and undercooled fluids.
Material Properties under Intensive Dynamic Loading
Understanding the physical and thermomechanical response of materials subjected to intensive dynamic loading is a challenge of great significance in engineering today. This volume assumes the task of gathering both experimental and diagnostic methods in one place, since not much information has been previously disseminated in the scientific literature. This book will thus be an invaluable companion for both the seasoned practioner as well as for the novice entering the field of experimental shock physics.
Master Dentistry ; Vol.1 : Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radiology, Pathology and Oral Medicine
Provides a comprehensive overview of the oral and maxillofacial subjects in dentistry that students will need in order to pass their final exams. This invaluable adjunct to exam preparation provides a practical synthesis of core information, reflecting real-life case scenarios. Information is structured to enhance understanding and clinical decision making, and a variety of self-assessment methods prepare students for success. Comprehensively updated, the book covers a range of essential topics in the field of contemporary oral and maxillofacial subjects, including surgical flap design, state-of-the-art surgical techniques, zygomatic implants, molecular pathology, current imaging applications and pain management. The text is integrated and evidence based throughout. Covers oral and maxillofacial surgery, radiology, pathology and oral medicine subjects Brand new chapter on facial skin broadens diagnostic ability Range of self-assessment tasks to support learning Aligns to dental school curricula globally Concise and easy to follow Designed to support recall for examination purposes Practical guidance on examination preparation and skills Perfect for BDS exam preparation and candidates taking the MFDS, MJDF, ORE or other post-graduate exams
Maritime Archaeology : Australian Approaches
Subject areas discussed in this book include shipwrecks and abandoned vessels, The application of National and State legislation and management regimes to these underwater cultural heritage sites is also highlighted, together with the important role of avocational divers and training programs in raising the profile of underwater and maritime heritage sites.The book includes a comprehensive bibliography of work conducted both in Australia and by Australian maritime archaeologists in the Asia-Pacific region. This book will be of interest to students and practitioners of maritime and historical archaeology and cultural heritage managers throughout the world .
Marine Surface Films : Chemical Characteristics, Influence on Air-Sea Interactions and Remote Sensing
Since the late 1960s, various groups have investigated the influence of marine surface films on mechanisms dominating energy and mass transfer across the ocean/atmosphere interface. However, a compendium summarizing the state-of-the-art research in this field is still missing. The book fills this gap and transfers the accumulated knowledge to the scientific community. After a brief historical chapter basic chemical insights are presented, followed by theoretical and experimental approaches carried out in laboratory facilities. Air-sea interaction experiments are then described and finally, remote sensing applications with sea slicks and crude oil spills are presented.
Marine Organic Matter : Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA
The oceans contain a great biodiversity of marine organisms. They include a rich variety of unusual genes and biochemistries and hence a diverse array of organic compounds ranging from colourful carotenoids and chlorophylls to lipids with structures ranging from the simple to the complex. This volume brings together ten chapters on the occurrence and identification of the lipid biomarkers and of pigments in marine waters. It describes how they can be used in conjunction with stable isotopes and molecular biology to ascertain the sources and fate of organic matter (both natural and pollutant) in the sea and underlying sediments. The authors are each experts in their field and the chapters provide both an overview of the state-of-the-art and knowledge gaps together with abundant detail to satisfy the needs of specialists and non-specialists alike.
Marine Geochemistry
Since 1980 a considerable amount of scientific research dealing with geochemical processes in marine sediments has been carried out. This textbook summarizes the state of the art in this field of research. The topics comprise the examination of sedimentological and physical properties of the sedimentary solid phase, of pore water and pore water constituents, organic matter as the driving force of most microbiological processes, biotic and abiotic redox reactions, carbonates and stable isotopes as proxies for paleoclimate reconstruction, metal enrichments in ferromanganese nodules and crusts as well as in hot vents and cold seeps on the seafloor. A new chapter describes properties, occurrence and formation of gas hydrates in marine sediments. The textbook ends with a chapter on model conceptions and computer models to quantify processes of early diagenesis.
