الصفحة 40
الصفحة 40
Dissipative Solitons : From Optics to Biology and Medicine
The dissipative soliton concept is a fundamental extension of the concept of solitons in conservative and integrable systems. It includes ideas from three major sources, namely standard soliton theory developed since the 1960s, nonlinear dynamics theory, and Prigogine's ideas of systems far from equilibrium. These three sources also correspond to the three component parts of this novel paradigm. This book explains the above principles in detail and gives the reader various examples from optics, biology and medicine. These include laser systems, optical transmission lines, cortical networks, models of muscle contraction, localized vegetation structures and waves in brain tissues.
Dissipative Solitons
This volume is devoted to the exciting topic of dissipative solitons, i.e. pulses or spatially localised waves in systems exhibiting gain and loss. Examples are laser systems, nonlinear resonators and optical transmission lines. The physical principles and mathematical concepts are explained in a clear and concise way, suitable for students and young researchers. The similarities and differences in the notion of a soliton between dissipative systems and Hamiltonian and integrable systems are discussed, and many examples are given. The contributions are written by the world's leading experts in the field, making it a unique exposition of this emerging topic.
Disruptive trends in automation technology
The industrial sector is being transformed by the convergence of information technology and operational technology. The latter is another name for automation technology and covers established systems such as supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), programmable logic controllers (PLC), fieldbuses, and automation and control systems. As this technology is connected to the Internet and 5G networks, some monitoring, control, and analytic functionalities are deployed to the edge or cloud, and researchers are challenged to ensure the security, dependability, real-time performance, and maintainability of the resulting systems. The big data that is accessible from these systems create opportunities for artificial intelligence applications that can further disrupt the established practices in the automation domain.
Disinfection of root canal systems : The Ttreatment of apical periodontitis
An evidence-based manual that describes root canal anatomy, the endodontic biofilm, and the role of disinfection before presenting the most up-to-date methods of irrigation and disinfection. Individual chapters are devoted to each method, such as positive pressure irrigation, apical negative pressure irrigation, sonic activation, photodynamic therapy, laser technology, and ozonization and electrochemical activation. Clinical photographs throughout show proper irrigation and disinfection techniques.
Discrete-Time High Order Neural Control : Trained with Kaiman Filtering
The objective of this work is to present recent advances in the theory of neural control for discrete-time nonlinear systems with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. The book presents solutions for the output trajectory tracking problem of unknown nonlinear systems based on four schemes.
Discrete Dynamical Systems
This book provides an introduction to discrete dynamical systems -- a framework of analysis commonly used in the fields of biology, demography, ecology, economics, engineering, finance, and physics.
Discontinuous Finite Elements in Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
Discontinuous Finite Elements in Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer offers its readers a systematic and practical introduction to the discontinuous finite element method. It moves from a brief review of the fundamental laws and equations governing thermal and fluid systems, through a discussion of different approaches to the formulation of discontinuous finite element solutions for boundary and initial value problems, to their applicaton in a variety of thermal-system and fluid-related problems, including: heat conduction problems / convection-dominant problems / computational compressible flows / external radiation problems / internal radiation and radiative transfer / free- and moving-boundary problems / micro- and nanoscale heat transfer and fluid flow / thermal fluid flow under the influence of applied magnetic fields.
Dinaric Perspectives on TIMSS 2019 : Teaching and Learning Mathematics and Science in South-Eastern Europe
This book brings together national experts from across the Dinaric region to rigorously review IEA’s Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 grade four data to develop a multidimensional and culturally sensitive perspective on their TIMSS 2019 primary-level results. The Dinaric region, named after the Dinaric Alps, is located in South-eastern Europe, and stretches through Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo[1], Albania, and North Macedonia. IEA’s TIMSS has been an invaluable resource for monitoring international trends in mathematics and science achievement at grades four and eight since 1995. The TIMSS 2019 administration of the test to grade four students, provided a unique opportunity for analysis within shared regional settings and enabled the construction of this first report based on international study results from the region, prepared by the National Research Coordinators in collaboration with IEA.
Dimension Reduction of Large-Scale Systems ; Proceedings of a Workshop held in Oberwolfach, Germany, October 19-25, 2003
In the past decades, model reduction has become an ubiquitous tool in analysis and simulation of dynamical systems, control design, circuit simulation, structural dynamics, CFD, and many other disciplines dealing with complex physical models. The aim of this book is to survey some of the most successful model reduction methods in tutorial style articles and to present benchmark problems from several application areas for testing and comparing existing and new algorithms. As the discussed methods have often been developed in parallel in disconnected application areas.
Dimension and Recurrence in Hyperbolic Dynamics
The main objective of this book is to give a broad unified introduction to the study of dimension and recurrence in hyperbolic dynamics. It includes the discussion of the foundations, main results, and main techniques in the rich interplay of four main areas of research: hyperbolic dynamics, dimension theory, multifractal analysis, and quantitative recurrence. It also gives a panorama of several selected topics of current research interest. More than half of the material appears here for the first time in book form, describing many recent developments in the area such as topics on irregular sets, variational principles, applications to number theory, measures of maximal dimension, multifractal nonrigidity, and quantitative recurrence. All the results are included with detailed proofs, many of them simplified or rewritten on purpose for the book.
Dilute III-V Nitride Semiconductors and Material Systems : Physics and Technology
A major current challenge for semiconductor devices is to develop materials for the next generation of optical communication systems and solar power conversion applications. Recently, extensive research has revealed that an introduction of only a few percentages of nitrogen into III-V semiconductor lattice leads to a dramatic reduction of the band gap. This discovery has opened the possibility of using these material systems for applications ranging from lasers to solar cells. Physics and Technology of Dilute III-V Nitride Semiconductors & Novel Dilute Nitride Material Systems reviews the current status of research and development in dilute III-V nitrides, with 24 chapters from prominent research groups covering recent progress in growth techniques, experimental characterization of band structure, defects carrier transport, transport properties, dynamic behavior of N atoms, device applications, modeling of device design, novel optoelectronic integrated circuits, and novel nitrogen containing III-V materials.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy : From Genetics to Clinical Management
This book presents a comprehensive overview of dilated cardiomyopathy, providing readers with practical guidelines for its clinical management. The first part of the book analyzes in detail the disease’s pathophysiology, its diagnostic work up as well as the prognostic stratification, and illustrates the role of genetics and gene-environment interaction. The second part presents current and future treatment options, highlighting the importance of long-term and individualized treatments and follow-up.
Digital transformation in semiconductor manufacturing ; Proceedings of the 1st and 2nd European advances in digital transformation Conference, EADTC 2018, Zittau, Germany and EADTC 2019, Milan, Italy
This book reports on cutting-edge electrical engineering and microelectronics solutions to foster and support digitalization in the semiconductor industry.
Digital Integration, Growth and Rational Regulation
This book focuses on the role of information and communication technologies for economic integration, networking and growth. Technological and regulatory dynamics are highlighted with respect to EU countries and the US. The analysis deals with the main issues of rational regulations in open economies. Schumpeterian developments and dynamic efficiency gains are crucial for Europe in the context of telecommunications competition and network modernisation – achieving the goals of the Lisbon Agenda requires adequate incentives for investment and solid capital market prospects. Economic progress in the digital knowledge society will be characterised by enormous structural change and the growth of digital services. New policy conclusions at both the national and international levels – including welfare analysis – are presented.
Digital Human Modeling : Trends in Human Algorithms
The emerging information technologies have given rise to new human patterns in terms of both physiological and psychological interactions. Human Algorithms aim to model human forms, interactions, and dynamics in this new context.
Digital Excellence ; University Meets Economy
Digital economic modernization is a crucial element of progress in both OECD countries and newly industrialized countries. The contributions to this book explore the technological and economic dynamics of information and communication technology (ICT) and focus on several innovative software applications which aim at solving standard and new problems more efficiently. They particularly emphasize the point that innovation within an economic context does not solely concern companies and their customers; integrating research institutions and universities enhances the scope of creativity to not only produce concrete innovative ideas and projects, but also to develop procedures and techniques for putting them into practice. This book provides companies with both insights into new approaches and immediate access to innovative concepts.
Digital Economic Dynamics : Innovations, Networks and Regulations
This book analyzes the dynamics and impacts of software development and discusses new institutional and economic changes in the context of digital market economies.The book furthermore examines telecommunications regulation of fixed line networks, cable TV and mobile communications.
Digital Communications Using Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics
This book introduces readers to a new and exciting cross-disciplinary field of digital communications with chaos. This field was born around 15 years ago, when it was first demonstrated that nonlinear systems which produce complex non-periodic noise-like chaotic signals, can be synchronized and modulated to carry useful information. Thus, chaotic signals can be used instead of pseudo-random digital sequences for spread-spectrum and private communication applications. This deceptively simple idea spun hundreds of research papers, and many novel communication schemes based on chaotic signals have been proposed. However, only very recently researchers have begun to make a transition from academic studies toward practical implementation issues, and many "promising" schemes had to be discarded or re-formulated. This book describes the state of the art (both theoretical and experimental) of this novel field.
Diffusion in solids : Fundamentals, methods, materials, diffusion-controlled processes
This book first gives an account of the central aspects of diffusion in solids, for which the necessary background is a course in solid state physics. It then provides easy access to important information about diffuson in metals, alloys, semiconductors, ion-conducting materials, glasses and nanomaterials.
Diffusion in Condensed Matter : Methods, Materials, Models
Diffusion as the process of particle transport due to stochastic movement is a phenomenon of crucial relevance for a large variety of processes and materials. This comprehensive, handbook-style survey of diffusion in condensed matter gives detailed insight into diffusion as the process of particle transport due to stochastic movement. Leading experts in the field describe in 23 chapters the different aspects of diffusion, covering microscopic and macroscopic experimental techniques and exemplary results for various classes of solids, liquids and interfaces as well as several theoretical concepts and models. Students and scientists in physics, chemistry, materials science, and biology will benefit from this detailed compilation.
