الصفحة 4
الصفحة 4
Two Minds : Intuition and Analysis in the History of Economic Thought
Intuition is warm and fuzzy, qualitative, not measurable. Economics, on the other hand, is quantitative, and if it is not a hard science, at least it is the "queen of the social sciences." It is, therefore, intuitively obvious, that intuition and economics are as if oil and water. The problem is, what is intuitively obvious is not always correct. And, there are two major reasons why intuition and economics are not like oil and water. First, economics concerns itself with decision making, and decisions are made in the brain. The human brain is the size of a grapefruit, weighing three pounds with approximately 180 billion neurons, each physically independent but interacting with the other neurons. What we call intuition is, like decision making, a natural information processing function of the brain. Second, despite the current emphasis on quantitative analysis and deductive logic there is a rich history of economists speaking about intuition. First, the human brain, specifically the neocortex, has a left and right hemisphere. The specialized analytical style of the left hemisphere and the specialized intuitive style of the right hemispheres complement each other.
Turnpike Properties in the Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control
This book is devoted to the recent progress on the turnpike theory. The turnpike property was discovered by Paul A. Samuelson, who applied it to problems in mathematical economics in 1949. The book should help to correct the misapprehension that turnpike properties are only special features of some narrow classes of convex problems of mathematical economics.
Trust, privacy and security in digital business ; 17th International Conference, TrustBus 2020, Bratislava, Slovakia, September 14–17, 2020, Proceedings
Constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business, TrustBus 2020, held in Bratislava, Slovakia, in September 2020. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 11 full and 4 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 28 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: blockchain, cloud security/hardware; economics/privacy; human aspects; privacy; privacy and machine learning; trust.
Trust within Organizations of the New Economy : A Cross-Industrial Study
Examines the effects of different industry-specific institutional framework constraints on the level of trust within business organizations, particularly the possible differences in old and new economy. Based on the results of a survey carried out in seven major companies from different sectors of the Brazilian economy, the author shows that trust is more likely to be found in relatively stable, hierarchical and bureaucratic organizations whereas there is comparatively little trust in new economy firms.
Trends in Supply Chain Design and Management : Technologies and Methodologies
With the rapid development of information and network technologies and market requirements, new challenges in supply chain design and management have emerged. Notably, there are four new technologies which can affect traditional supply chain management: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology; mobile transaction technology; information handling and storage technology; and multi-agent technology. These new technologies enable global companies to change their ways of thinking about supply chain management in order to cope with the changing environment. In line with this rapid development of technologies are new challenging methodologies: sustainable supply chain management, advanced supply chain planning, available-to-promise (ATP) system and lean supply chain design and management.
Trends in Business and Economic Ethics
A growing body of academic and business specialists are paying attention to ethical issues in business and economics, drawing on a wide range of different disciplinary and theoretical perspectives. This volume presents important new insights from scholars in economics, philosophy, business ethics and management studies. In addition to providing specific perspectives on particular topics, it presents strategic perspectives on the development of the field. Readers can inform themselves on developments in particular areas, such as social accountability or stakeholder governance; they will also find substantial contributions related to the interfaces of ethics and economics, economics and philosophy, business ethics and political science, and business ethics and management. The collection is a thought-provoking contribution to the development of business and economic ethics as an increasingly important field of academic study.
Trends and Issues in Global Tourism 2008
This book offers insight into important trends in the global travel and tourism industry and analyzes developments in the aviation and hospitality industry and destination management. The most recent developments in marketing and sales as well as in travel technology and business travel are of key importance for managing travel and tourism companies. The articles are based on presentations and panel discussions presented at the world ́s largest tourism convention, the ITB Convention Market Trends & Innovations.
Trends and Issues in Global Tourism 2007
The ITB Convention Market Trends & Innovations has developed into a center of excellence and a driving force for the global travel and tourism industry, generating a much needed information platform. This compilation unites the highlights of the convention in articles prepared by renowned professionals and scientists from the industry. Readers may benefit from this comprehensive vision of the developments which are shaping the str- ture of the global tourism industry today and in the future. This book is indisp- sable for tourism and travel professionals and well as for academics and students analyzing current global tourism and travel trends. The first chapter takes up the issue of mega trends in society and in the ec- omy and analyzes their effects on the tourism industry. In highly developed co- tries, overwhelming demographical change is underway. Schröder and Widmann demonstrate how tourism businesses should adapt to the aging customer base.
Transport, Trade and Economic Growth — Coupled or Decoupled? : An Inquiry into Relationships between Transport, Trade and Economic Growth and into User Preferences concerning Growth-oriented Transport Policy
Over the past decade, the transport industry has been the target of growing criticism over its role in the pollution of the environment, while the advocates of free trade stress the importance of transport in enhancing economic growth and consequently living standards. These starkly contrasting viewpoints have created a dilemma for politicians and business people alike. In order to address this challenge, the first part of this book provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between transport and economic growth, or more specifically, whether the "decoupling" of transport and economic growth is possible. Focusing on growth-oriented transport policy, the second part of this book provides details on the user preferences of logistic managers concerning the characteristics of transport infrastructure and services.
Transition and Opportunity : Strategies from Business Leaders on Making the Most of China's Future
Multinational corporations (MNCs) have long played a crucial role in the Chinese economy. This role is one that is set to continue in the post-pandemic era as China works to transit to a high-quality growth model that is more sustainable and innovation-driven. With global experience and front-line involvement in some of the most pressing economic, technological, and environmental issues of our day, leading figures in MNCs and chambers of commerce are well placed to share insights that could potentially contribute to policymaking and development strategies so that everyone can “make the most” of China’s future.
Transforming Unjust Structures : The Capability Approach
The "capability approach" of development economist Amartya Sen, who received the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1998, poses a major challenge to the dominant paradigm of neo-classical economics. According to Sen, human well-being does not depend on the consumption of commodities but on the freedoms human beings have reason to choose and value. The capability approach has frequently been criticised for a lack of attention to the ways in which unjust social, political and economic structures restrict human capabilities. The contributors to this volume take up this criticism in a number of ways, both theoretical and practical.
Transforming Health Care Through Information
Based on case studies, this book illustrates the complex challenges faced by healthcare administrators when implementing changes in technology.
Transforming Food Systems for a Rising India
This book examines India’s economic development, agricultural production, and nutrition through the lens of a “Food Systems Approach (FSA).” Despite economic progress, regional inequality, food insecurity and malnutrition persist. Simultaneously, recent trends in obesity and micro-nutrient deficiency indicate a future public health crisis. This book explores the challenges and opportunities to achieve a nutrition-secure future through diversified production systems, improved health and hygiene and greater individual capability to access a balanced diet. Within the context of developing countries, they highlight India’s status as an outlier regarding high levels of stunting and global trends in obesity. This book discusses the policy and institutional interventions needed to promote a nutrition-sensitive food system and the multi-sectoral strategies needed to address malnutrition in India.
Transforming Education Outcomes in Africa : Learning from Togo
Good education changes lives. It is therefore unsurprising that improved schooling plays a central part in most development strategies. At the same time, the expansion of school attainment alone is not sufficient to guarantee improved welfare. This book focuses on one country in West Africa, Togo, to explore what a country that has successfully increased enrollment rates can do to enhance learning outcomes. The authors explore different avenues for improvement, including enhancing the efficiency with which resources are used; increasing the qualifications of teachers; and through greater community involvement in school management. There is scope for improvement along all these dimensions, yet changes at the margin are insufficient to bring about the transformation needed to bring about acceptable levels of learning.
Transactional to Transformational : How Banks Innovate
This book will equip you with ideas, tools and actionable hands-on advice. You will discover the untold stories about how these banks delivered new solutions to consumers and businesses, products as well as services, across the spectrum of buy, build and partner.
Transaction Cost Management : Strategies and Practices for a Global Open Economy
All organizations, institutions, business processes, markets and strategies have one aim in common: the reduction of transaction costs. This aim is pursued relentlessly in practice, and has been perceived to bring about drastic changes, especially in the recent global market and the cyber economy. This book analyzes and describes “transactions” as a model, on the basis of which organizations, institutions and business processes can be appropriately shaped. It tracks transaction costs to enable a scientific approach instead of a widely used “state-of-the-art” approach, working to bridge the gap between theory and practice.
Trade, Integration and Economic Development : The EU and Latin America
This volume is a collection of papers which were presented at the 7th conference meeting of the Arnoldshain Research Network in Vienna 2006. Numerous researchers from the European Union and Latin American countries have contributed papers on trade, integration, open economy macroeconomics and the institutional framework, which all play an important role for economic development in Latin America. In the spirit of comparative economics, Latin American policies can deeply benefit from experience gained in the European Union. Comparisons as well as bilateral relations have entered in a manifold way in the contributions of this volume. Topics such as achievements in trade liberalization between Latin American countries and their main trading partners the EU and the US, important trade areas for Latin America such as agricultural products, the role of exports for solvency, the policies of Latin American countries to attract FDI, the problem of corruption and the issue of income convergence are discussed.
Trade Specialization in the Enlarged European Union
Economic integration in general and Eastern enlargement of the European Union in particular created a wider European single market, thereby stimulating structural adjustment and economic specialization. This study analyzes trade specialization patterns in the enlarged European Union with a special focus on the new EU member states and the cohesion countries.
Towards Environmental Innovation Systems
The book brings together research communities from different disciplines and countries, and offers an exchange about theoretical frameworks and practical experiences to guide research and policy "towards environmental innovation systems". The contributions selected explore new directions of research at the borderline between two established research traditions: systems of innovation and environmental innovations. For this purpose, the book draws on recent conceptual and empirical insights as well as on policy-oriented analyses. It is structured according to the four main areas of interest with respect to environmental innovation systems: conceptual foundations, empirical experiences, strategic approaches, and experiences with policy instruments.
Towards an emissions trading system in Mexico : Rationale, design and connections with the global Climate agenda : Outlook on the first ETS in Latin-America and exploration of the way forward
This book provides detailed information about the incoming Mexican Emissions Trading System, including an analysis on why the system was implemented, how the system was designed, how it operates, how it could work, and how it could be strengthened by 2023 when it will be formally launched. This document is aimed at those who want to understand how an ETS can operate in an emerging economy.
