الصفحة 4
الصفحة 4
Nutrient Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystems
The first part of the book presents the fundamentals of nutrient cycling. Topics included are cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and micronutrients. The second part discusses nutrient cycling at an ecosystem scale, covering cropping systems, pastures, natural grasslands, arid lands, tundras and forests. The final chapter reviews current models of nutrient cycling.
Nutrient Acquisition by Plants : An Ecological Perspective
Adaptation and evolution of terrestrial plants depend, to a large extent, on their ability to acquire nutrients. This is a modern and integrative treatment of the mechanisms controlling plant nutrient uptake and how plants respond to changes in the environment. The following key topics are covered: soil nutrient bioavailability; root responses to variations in nutrient supply; nitrogen fixation; regulation of nutrient uptake by internal plant demand; root characteristics; kinetics of nutrient uptake; root architecture; life span; mycorrhizae; responses to climate change. This integrated view helps us to understand the mechanisms that govern present-day plant communities and is indispensable in models designed to predict the response of plants to a changing climate.
Nutraceuticals and health care ; 1st ed.
Explores the role of plant-based nutraceuticals as food ingredients and as therapeutic agents for preventing various diseases. The book assesses the role of nutraceuticals in addressing cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity by highlighting the derivatives, extraction, chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacology, bioavailability, and safety of specific nutraceuticals. It analyzes twenty one nutraceuticals in a systematic way, providing a welcomed reference for nutrition researchers, nutritionists and dieticians, as well as other scientists studying related areas in food science, technology or agriculture. Students studying related topics will also benefit from this material.
Nutraceuticals : Sources, processing methods, properties, and applications
Explores the impact of nutraceutical compounds on human health and their main pharmacological contributions. Organized into three parts, this book addresses nutraceutical production, applications for disease prevention and treatment, and current trends, especially the role of nutraceuticals in cosmeceutical. Nutraceuticals are a class of products that can help people improve their health, reduce the risk of disease, extend their lives, and control the structure and functioning of their bodies. However, due to multiple hurdles that prevent nutraceuticals from circulating in an active form in the body, their use is associated with diminished therapeutic efficacy. Recognizing this problem, the book explores the root of the nutraceutical delivery system and its codelivery methods with a focus on medicines. With contributions from experienced nutraceutical experts, this book serves as a valuable reference for nutrition researchers, food scientists, pharmacologists, and those who are researching and studying in related areas.
Nursing Care of the Pediatric Neurosurgery Patient
Nursing Care of the Pediatric Neurosurgery Patient serves as a detailed reference for all nurses caring for children with neurosurgical problems. Staff nurses (and student nurses) working in clinics, PICU, pediatrics, operating rooms, post-anesthesia care units, emergency department and radiology will benefit from the information presented in this book. The explanations of pathophysiology, anatomy, radiodiagnostic testing and treatment options for each neurosurgical diagnosis will help them to understand the rationale behind the nursing care. Presenting symptoms and findings on neurological examination and history will enable nurses to identify normal signs. Each chapter includes information on patient and family education and will give helpful guidelines.
Numerical Techniques for Chemical and Biological Engineers Using MATLAB® : A Simple Bifurcation Approach
This book addresses the bifurcation characteristics of chemical and biological processes as the general case and treats systems with a unique steady state as special cases. It uses a system approach which is the most efficient for knowledge organization and transfer. The book develops mathematical models for many commercial processes utilizing the mass-, momentum-, and heat-balance equations coupled to the rates of the processes that take place within the boundaries of the system. The models are solved numerically through MATLAB codes with emphasis on the design and optimization of the chemical and biological industrial equipment and plants.
Numerical Simulation of Mechatronic Sensors and Actuators
The second edition of this book fully preserves the character of the first edition to combine the detailed physical modeling of mechatronic systems and their precise numerical simulation using the Finite Element (FE) method. Most of the text and general appearance of the previous edition were retained, while the coverage was extended and the presentation improved. A large part of the book describes the application of the developed numerical calculation schemes to industrial problems, e.g.: analysis and optimization of electrodynamic loudspeakers. In these parts, new computational methods are included, and last but not least, this new edition contains a new chapter on computational aeroacoustics to study the complex phenomenon of flow induced noise.
Numerical Simulation in Molecular Dynamics : Numerics, Algorithms, Parallelization, Applications
Particle models play an important role in many applications in physics, chemistry and biology. They can be studied on the computer with the help of molecular dynamics simulations. This book presents in detail both the necessary numerical methods and techniques (linked-cell method, SPME-method, tree codes, multipole technique) and the theoretical background and foundations. It illustrates the aspects modelling, discretization, algorithms and their parallel implementation with MPI on computer systems with distributed memory. Furthermore, detailed explanations are given to the different steps of numerical simulation, and code examples are provided.
Numerical Methods for Nonsmooth Dynamical Systems : Applications in Mechanics and Electronics
This book concerns the numerical simulation of dynamical systems whose trajectories may not be differentiable everywhere. They are named nonsmooth dynamical systems. They make an important class of systems, firstly because of the many applications in which nonsmooth models are useful, secondly because they give rise to new problems in various fields of science. Usually nonsmooth dynamical systems are represented as differential inclusions, complementarity systems, evolution variational inequalities, each of these classes being itself split into several subclasses.
Numerical Methods for General and Structured Eigenvalue Problems
The purpose of this book is to describe recent developments in solving eig- value problems, in particular with respect to the QR and QZ algorithms as well as structured matrices. Outline Mathematically speaking, the eigenvalues of a square matrix A are the roots of its characteristic polynomial det(A??I). An invariant subspace is a linear subspace that stays invariant under the action of A. In realistic applications, it usually takes a long process of simpli?cations, linearizations and discreti- tions before one comes up with the problem of computing the eigenvalues of a matrix. In some cases, the eigenvalues have an intrinsic meaning, e.g., for the expected long-time behavior of a dynamical system; in others they are just meaningless intermediate values of a computational method. The same applies to invariant subspaces, which for example can describe sets of initial states for which a dynamical system produces exponentially decaying states. Computing eigenvalues has a long history, dating back to at least 1846 when Jacobi [172] wrote his famous paper on solving symmetric eigenvalue problems. Detailed historical accounts of this subject can be found in two papers by Golub and van der Vorst [140, 327].
Numerical Methods for Controlled Stochastic Delay Systems
The Markov chain approximation methods are widely used for the numerical solution of nonlinear stochastic control problems in continuous time. This book extends the methods to stochastic systems with delays. Because such problems are infinite-dimensional, many new issues arise in getting good numerical approximations and in the convergence proofs. Useful forms of numerical algorithms and system approximations are developed in this work, and the convergence proofs are given. All of the usual cost functions are treated as well as singular and impulsive controls. A major concern is on representations and approximations that use minimal memory.
Numerical Methods and Applications ; 6th International Conference, NMA 2006, Borovets, Bulgaria, August 20-24, 2006, Revised Papers
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Numerical Methods and Applications, NMA 2006. The papers are organized in topical sections on numerical methods for hyperbolic problems, robust preconditioning solution methods, Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo for diverse applications, metaheuristics for optimization problems, uncertain/control systems and reliable numerics, interpolation and quadrature processes, large-scale computations in environmental modelling, and contributed talks.
Numerical Continuation Methods for Dynamical Systems : Path following and boundary value problems
The book opens with a foreword by Herbert B. Keller and lecture notes by Sebius Doedel himself that introduce the basic concepts of numerical bifurcation analysis. The other chapters by leading experts discuss continuation for various types of systems and objects and showcase examples of how numerical bifurcation analysis can be used in concrete applications. Topics that are treated include: interactive continuation tools, higher-dimensional continuation, the computation of invariant manifolds, and continuation techniques for slow-fast systems, for symmetric Hamiltonian systems, for spatially extended systems and for systems with delay. Three chapters review physical applications: the dynamics of a SQUID, global bifurcations in laser systems, and dynamics and bifurcations in electronic circuits.
Number Theory and the Periodicity of Matter
The book launch was held at the University of Pretoria (UP) on 26 March 2008. … It’s a fascinating and original concept and I hope you all get the opportunity to read it. It will challenge your current views of numbers. … If there is a link between numbers and the Periodic Table this will of course have major implications as to the ‘meaning’ on the Periodic Table. It’s great to have original thinkers in our midst
Number Theory ; Vol. II : Analytic and Modern Tools
The central theme of this graduate-level number theory textbook is the solution of Diophantine equations, i.e., equations or systems of polynomial equations which must be solved in integers, rational numbers or more generally in algebraic numbers. This theme, in particular, is the central motivation for the modern theory of arithmetic algebraic geometry. In this text, this is considered through three aspects.
Number Theory ; Vol. I : Tools and Diophantine Equations
The central theme of this graduate-level number theory textbook is the solution of Diophantine equations, i.e., equations or systems of polynomial equations which must be solved in integers, rational numbers or more generally in algebraic numbers. This theme, in particular, is the central motivation for the modern theory of arithmetic algebraic geometry. In this text, this is considered through three aspects.
Number Story : From Counting to Cryptography
Numbers have fascinated people for centuries. They are familiar to everyone, forming a central pillar of our understanding of the world, yet the number system was not presented to us "gift-wrapped" but, rather, was developed over millennia. Today, despite all this development, it remains true that a child may ask a question about numbers that no one can answer. Many unsolved problems surrounding number matters appear as quirky oddities of little account while others are holding up fundamental progress in mainstream mathematics.
Nuclear back-end and transmutation technology for waste disposal : Beyond the Fukushima accident
Covers essential aspects of transmutation technologies, highlighting especially the advances in Japan. The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) has caused us to focus attention on a large amount of spent nuclear fuels stored in NPPs. In addition, public anxiety regarding the treatment and disposal of high-level radioactive wastes that require long-term control is growing. The Japanese policy on the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle is still unpredictable in the aftermath of the accident. Therefore, research and development for enhancing the safety of various processes involved in nuclear energy production are being actively pursued worldwide.
Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery
This volume explains how major nuclear and radiological emergencies (NREs) can have implications at local, national and international level. The response to NREs requires a competent decision-making structure, clear communication and effective information exchange. National veterinary services have the responsibility to plan, design and manage animal production system in their countries. These activities cover animal health, animal movement control, production control and improvement, and control of the products of animal origin before their placement on the market.
NPY Family of Peptides in Neurobiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders : from Genes to Therapeutics
The NPY-family of peptides encompasses several groups of neurotransmitters and hormones, which exert diverse biological and pathological actions that bear on all major vital systems. This book is a unique compilation of the most recent breakthroughs in NPY/PYY neurobiology, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The identification of multiple receptors for the members of the NPY and PYY family of peptides provides new opportunities for discovery of specific NPY antagonists and agonists that have vast clinical potential. The recognition of the role of NPY in stimulation of food intake has already resulted in discovery of potent and selective NPY receptor Y-5 antagonists, which are in clinical development for obesity. NPY Y1 receptor antagonists are targeted for cardiovascular indications. Research into the multiple functions of NPY and its receptors in neurological and affective disorders is also actively pursued. The chapters in this book are written by internationally renowned experts with the objective to synthesize leading concepts and data in support for translational medicine.
