الصفحة 4
الصفحة 4
Molecular Beams in Physics and Chemistry : From Otto Stern's Pioneering Exploits to Present-Day Feats
This book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization : A Clinical Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment
This book is a wide-ranging reference on current clinical and scientific knowledge regarding the various aspects of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Background information is first presented on the structural properties of hypomineralized enamel, the prevalence of MIH, and potential etiological factors.
Modern Ferrite Technology
odern Ferrite Technology ; 2nd ed. offers the readers an expert overview of the latest ferrite advances as well as their applications in electronic components. This volume develops the interplay among material properties, component specification and device requirements using ferrites. Throughout, emphasis is placed on practical technological concerns as opposed to mathematical and physical aspects of the subject. The book traces the origin of the magnetic effect in ferrites from the level of the simplest particle and then increases the scope to include larger hierarchies. From the desired magnetic properties, the author deduces the physical and chemical material parameters, taking into consideration major chemistry, impurity levels, ceramic microstructures and grain boundary effects. He then discusses the processing conditions and associated conditions required for implementation. In addition to conventional ceramic techniques, he describes non-conventional methods such as co-precipitation, co-spray roasting and single crystal growth.
Modern Computational Intelligence Methods for the Interpretation of Medical Images
A detailed description of up-to-date methods used for computer processing and interpretation of medical images is given. The scope of the book include images acquisition, storing with compression, processing, analysis, recognition and also its automatic understanding In introduction general overview of the computer vision methods designed for medical images is presented. Next sources of medical images are presented with their general characteristics. Both traditional (like X-ray) and very modern (like PET) sources of medical images are presented. The main emphasis is placed on such properties of medical images given by particular medical imaging methods which are important form the point of view of its computer processing, analysis and recognition.
Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry ; Vol. 39
This volume of Modern Aspects covers a wide spread of topics presented in an authoritative, informative and instructive manner by some internationally renowned specialists. Professors Politzer and Dr. Murray provide a comprehensive description of the various theoretical treatments of solute-solvent interactions, including ion-solvent interactions. Both continuum and discrete molecular models for the solvent molecules are discussed, including Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. The advantages and drawbacks of the resulting models and computational approaches are discussed and the impressive progress made in predicting the properties of molecular and ionic solutions is surveyed.
Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry ; Vol. 38
Solid State Electrochemistry encompassing modern equilibria concepts, thermodymanics and kinetics of charge carriers in solids.,Electron transfer processes, with special sections devoted to hydration of the proton and its heterogeneous transfer.Electrosorption at electrodes and its relevance to electrocatalysis and electrodeposition of metals,The behavior of Pt and other alloy electrocatalyst crystallites used as the electrode materials for phosphoric acid electrolyte fuel-cells.Applications of reflexology and electron microscopy to the materials science aspect of metal electrodes.Electroplating of metal matrix composites by codeposition of suspended particles, a process that has improved physical and electrochemical properties.
Modern Anesthetics
Some important constraints of anesthesia must be taken into consideration when the pharmacological properties of modern anesthetics are discussed. The most imp- tant of these could be that the target effect be achieved preferably within seconds, at most within a few minutes. Similarly, offset of drug action should be achieved within minutes rather hours. The target effects, such as unconsciousness, are pot- tially life-threatening, as are the side effects of modern anesthetics, such as respi- tory and cardiovascular depression. Finally, the patient’s purposeful responses are not available to guide drug dosage, because, either the patient is unconscious, or more problematically, the patient is aware but unable to communicate pain because of neuromuscular blockade. in this book the very mechanism of anesthetic action at the biophase” was discussed within the theoretical framework of the “u- tary theory of narcosis”.
Models for Polymeric and Anisotropic Liquids
Models should be as simple as possible, but no simpler. For the physics of polymeric liquids, whose relevant lengths and time scales are out of reach for first principles calculations, this means that we have to choose a minimum set of sufficiently detailed descriptors such as architecture (linear, ring, branched), connectivity, semiflexibility, stretchability, excluded volume, and hydrodynamic interaction. These 'universal' fluids allow the prediction of material properties under external flow- or electrodynamic fields, the results being expressed in terms of reference units, specific for any particular chosen material. This book provides an introduction to the kinetic theory and computer simulation methods needed to handle these models and to interpret the results. Also included are a number of sample applications and computer codes.
Modellistica Numerica per Problemi Differenziali = Numerical Modeling for Differential Problems
This text introduces the fundamental concepts for the numerical modeling of partial differential problems. We consider the classic linear elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic equations, but also other equations, such as those of diffusion and transport, of Navier-Stokes, and the conservation laws. Numerous physical examples underlying these equations are provided, their main mathematical properties are studied, then numerical resolution methods based on finite elements, finite differences, finite volumes and spectral methods are proposed and analyzed. In particular, the algorithmic and computer implementation aspects are discussed and some easy-to-use programs in C ++ language are provided. The text does not presuppose an advanced mathematical knowledge of partial differential equations: the strictly indispensable concepts in this regard are reported in the Appendix. The volume is therefore suitable for students of scientific degree courses (Engineering, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Information Sciences) and recommended for researchers from the academic and extra-academic world who want to approach this interesting branch of applied mathematics.
Modelling Distributed Systems
Process algebras are languages for the description of elementary parallel systems and are used to study the behavioural properties of distributed systems, but they often lack the ability to handle data. This textbook guides students through algebraic specification and verification of distributed systems, and some of the most prominent formal verification techniques.
Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Supervisory Systems : A Petri Net Approach
Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Supervisory Systems introduces a modelling formalism that merges Petri nets, differential equation systems and object-oriented methods; a formalism that is adequate for modelling complex and large-scale systems. To guide the designer and conduct hybrid modelling, the book describes a method that starts from the requirements of a supervisory system and results in a proposal for such a system. The method is mainly based on Unified Modelling Language diagrams, well-known tools in both academia and industry. In order to ensure that the supervisory system will behave as expected under any operational circumstances, a validation procedure that allows verification of the formal properties of the hybrid model is presented.
Modeling of Biological Materials
This interdisciplinary collection of surveys highlights the central role played by the mathematical modeling of mechanical properties having an effect on the biology, chemistry, and physics of living matter. One of the main goals of the book is to present—in a single, self-contained resource—topics that are widely scattered across the literature in a variety of journals having mutually nonintersecting communities of readers, such as applied mathematicians, engineers, biologists, and physicians. Readers coming from diverse backgrounds are provided with basic modeling ideas and tools to address important problems in the medical and health sciences. Presented are appropriate models as well as their implementation through numerical and computer simulations, which may lead to potential technological innovations useful in medicine.
Model-based Process Supervision : A Bond Graph Approach
Model-based fault detection and isolation requires a mathematical model of the system behaviour. Modelling is important and can be difficult because of the complexity of the monitored system and its control architecture. The authors use bond-graph modelling, a unified multi-energy domain modelling method, to build dynamic models of process engineering systems by composing hierarchically arranged sub-models of various commonly encountered process engineering devices. The structural and causal properties of bond-graph models are exploited for supervisory systems design.
Model Checking Software ; Vol. 3639 : 12th International SPIN Workshop, San Francisco, CA, USA, August 22-24, 2005, Proceedings
Constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International SPIN workshop on Model Checking Software, SPIN 2005, held in San Francisco, USA in August 2005. The papers are organized in topical sections on state representation and abstraction, dealing with concurrency, dealing with complex data, checking temporal properties, and more.
Minerals as Advanced Materials I
This book represents a collection of papers presented at the 1st International workshop ‘Minerals as Advanced Materials I’ . The basic idea of the workshop was to identify minerals and mineral objects that have or potentially have unique physical, chemical and structural properties that are of interest from the viewpoint of applied mineralogy and material science.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate in Dentistry : From Preparation to Application
Concisely presents information on diverse aspects of MTA and its use with a view to making it more widely available to clinicians and researchers. The topics covered include the development of MTA and its introduction into clinical dentistry, its chemical composition and setting characteristics, manipulation and placement, material properties, reactivity and the influence of environmental factors.
Middleware 2008 ; ACM/IFIP/USENIX 9th International Middleware Conference Leuven, Belgium, December 1-5, 2008 Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 9th International Middleware Conference 2008, held in Leuven, Belgium, in December 2008.The 21 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 117 submissions for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on platforms extended to new capabilities, advanced software engineering focusing on specific system properties, system management techniques, as well as components and system algorithms and properties.
Microwave Dielectric Behaviour of Wet Soils
This book, aimed for agriculture and soil physicists and those working in the areas of remote sensing, deals with the physical and dielectric properties of soils, methods of soil, dielectric measurements using microwaves and remote sensing techniques. Some of the results on soil moisture measurements, theoretical models of soil moisture data and the recently used synthetic aperture radar techniques for the purpose of remote sensing and their interpretation of soil moistures are also discussed. The course contents are developed and updated with the help of the latest literature available which will help bridge the existing need of scientists in the area.
Microstructuring of Glasses
As microstructured glass becomes increasingly important for microsystems technology, the main application fields include micro-fluidic systems, micro-analysis systems, sensors, micro-actuators and implants. And, because glass has quite distinct properties from silicon, PMMA and metals, applications exist where only glass devices meet the requirements. The main advantages of glass derive from its amorphous nature, the precondition for its - theoretically - direction-independent geometric structurability. Microstructuring of Glasses deals with the amorphous state, various glass compositions and their properties, the interactions between glasses and the electromagnetic waves used to modify it.
Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibres
Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibres describes the optical properties of microstructured fibres, how they are made and modelled, and outlines some potential applications. These applications include areas where polymer fibres are already used, such as high-data rate transmission for Fibre-to-the Home or within cars, as well as completely new areas such as the photonic bandgap transmission of "difficult" wavelengths. Emphasising a conceptual understanding of the underlying physics, Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibres is clearly written, and includes numerous illustrations. It provides an excellent overview of the latest developments in the field, making them accessible to industry, technical and research audiences.
