الصفحة 4
الصفحة 4
Integrated River Basin Management through Decentralization
Drawing upon a worldwide survey of river basin organizations and in-depth studies of eight river basins in a variety of locations around the globe, this book examines how institutional arrangements for managing water resources at the river-basin level have been designed and implemented, what the impetus for these arrangements has been, and what institutional features appear to be associated with greater or lesser success in river basin management.
Integrable Systems in Celestial Mechanics
This work presents a unified treatment of three important integrable problems relevant to both Celestial and Quantum Mechanics. Under discussion are the Kepler (two-body) problem and the Euler (two-fixed center) problem, the latter being the more complex and more instructive, as it exhibits a richer and more varied solution structure. Further, because of the interesting investigations by the 20th century mathematical physicist J.P. Vinti, the Euler problem is now recognized as being intimately linked to the Vinti (Earth-satellite) problem. Here the analysis of these problems is shown to follow a definite shared pattern yielding exact forms for the solutions. A central feature is the detailed treatment of the planar Euler problem where the solutions are expressed in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions, yielding analytic representations for the orbits over the entire parameter range.
Insulin Resistance and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome : Pathogenesis, Evaluation, and Treatment
This book highlights the recent transition of PCOS from an infertility disorder with a diagnosis based on ovarian tissue histology to a more complex clinical entity, a metabolic disorder in which insulin resistance plays a central role. With an expert panel of authors, each chapter provides an up-to-date and balanced overview of PCOS, paying special attention to the central role of insulin resistance in the syndrome’s pathogenesis and in the management of its reproductive and metabolic abnormalities.
Inside/outside Islamic art and architecture: a cartography of boundaries in and of the field
When we walk into a gallery, we have a fairly good idea where the building begins and ends; and inside, while observing a painting, we are equally confident in distinguishing between the painting-proper and its frame and borders. Yet, things are often more complicated. A building defines an exterior space just as much as an interior, and what we perceive to be ornamental and marginal to a given painting may in fact be central to what it represents. In this volume, a simple question is presented: instead of dichotomous separations between inside and outside, or exterior and interior, what other relationships can we think of? The first book of its kind to grapple with this question, Inside/Outside Islamic Art and Architecture focuses on a wide spectrum of mediums and topics, including painted manuscripts, objects, architectural decoration, architecture and urban planning, and photography. Bringing together scholars with diverse methodologies-who work on a geographical span stretching from India to Spain and Nigeria, and across a temporal spectrum from the thirteenth to the twenty-first century-this original book also poses engaging questions about the boundaries of the field.
Innovations Towards Sustainability : Conditions and Consequences
The volume contains eight articles together with comments by twenty authors and discussants on the topic of innovations and sustainability. It provides a competently written, balanced and differentiated state-of-the-art insight into the relation between innovations and sustainability from the perspective of evolutionary economics. The scope of the contributions encompasses the technological, social, organizational, and political dimensions of the topic. Each article is discussed by a competently written commentary providing a critical evaluation and relating it to the relevant literature. Particular interest lies on the issues of steering opportunities and path formation capabilities by decentralized agents, or governmental institutions from the viewpoint of evolutionary economics.
Innate Immunity of Plants, Animals, and Humans
This book wants to give an overview of our current knowledge about the innate immune system of plants, animals and humans. It not only covers the innate immune mechanisms and responses of so diverse organisms such as plants, Cnidaria, Drosophila, urochordates and zebrafish, but also the major receptor systems in mammalians and humans as well as the central defense mechanisms, antimicrobial peptides and the complement system.
Information, Interaction, and Agency
Agents perform actions based on the available information and in the presence of other interacting agents. From this perspective Information, Interaction, and Agency neatly ties together classical themes like rationality, decision-making and belief revision with games, strategies and learning in a multi-agent setting.Unified by the central notions Information, Interaction, and Agency, the essays in this volume provide refreshing methodological perspectives on belief revision, dynamic epistemic logic, von Neumann games, and evolutionary game theory; all of which in turn are central approaches to understanding our own rationality and that of other agents.
Information and its role in nature
Infromation and Its Role in Nature presents an in-depth interdisciplinary discussion of the concept of information and its role in the control of natural processes. After a brief review of classical and quantum information theory, the author addresses numerous central questions, including: Is information reducible to the laws of physics and chemistry? Does the Universe, in its evolution, constantly generate new information? Or are information and information-processing exclusive attributes of living systems, related to the very definition of life? If so, what is the role of information in classical and quantum physics? In what ways does information-processing in the human brain bring about self-consciousness? Accessible to graduate students and professionals from all scientific disciplines, this stimulating book will help to shed light on many controversial issues at the heart of modern science.
Inflation and Unemployment in a Monetary Union
This book studies the coexistence of inflation and unemployment in a monetary union. The focus is on how to reduce the associated loss. The primary target of the European central bank is low inflation in Europe. The primary target of the German government is low unemployment in Germany. And the primary target of the French government is low unemployment in France. The European central bank has a quadratic loss function. The same applies to the German government and the French government. The key questions are: To what extent can the sequential process of monetary and fiscal decisions reduce the loss caused by inflation and unemployment? Is monetary and fiscal cooperation superior to the sequential process of monetary and fiscal decisions?
Infectious disease : A very short introduction
Provides a conceptual framework for thinking about disease. Ecology and evolution provide the keys to answering the ‘where’ / ‘why’ / ‘how’ / and ‘what’ questions about any particular infectious disease: where did it come from? How is it transmitted from one person to another / and why are some individuals more susceptible than others? What biochemical / ecological / and evolutionary strategies can be used to combat the disease? Is it more effective to block transmission at the population level / or to block infection at the individual level? Through a series of case studies / Benjamin Bolker and Marta L. Wayne introduce the major ideas of infectious disease in a clear and thoughtful way / emphasizing the general principles of infection / the management of outbreaks / and the evolutionary and ecological approaches that are now central to much research about infectious disease.
Inevitable Aging? : Contributions to Evolutionary-Demographic Theory
Aging is inevitable: this is gerontological dogma. And humans do inevitably grow old, which is probably why it seems so unlikely to us that other forms of life could escape aging. Escaping aging is not escaping death. Death is an inherent part of life, and it can strike any time. But the question is whether death necessarily becomes more likely as life proceeds. And it does not. The theoretical results in this monograph indicate that life provides alternative strategies. While some organisms will deteriorate over adult ages, for others mortality appears to fall or remain constant, at least over an extended period of life after reproductive maturity. This is empirically observed especially for species that keep on growing during adult ages. Perhaps the diversity of aging matches the diversity of life. My thesis, the central insight of this monograph, is: to deeply understand why some species age it is necessary to understand why other species do not.
Industry 4.0 for SMEs : Challenges, opportunities and requirements
This book explores the concept of Industry 4.0, which presents a considerable challenge for the production and service sectors. While digitization initiatives are usually integrated into the central corporate strategy of larger companies, smaller firms often have problems putting Industry 4.0 paradigms into practice. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) possess neither the human nor financial resources to systematically investigate the potential and risks of introducing Industry 4.0. Addressing this obstacle, the international team of authors focuses on the development of smart manufacturing concepts, logistics solutions and managerial models specifically for SMEs. Aiming to provide methodological frameworks and pilot solutions for SMEs during their digital transformation, this innovative and timely book will be of great use to scholars researching technology management, digitization and small business, as well as practitioners within manufacturing companies.
Improving Inclusive Education through Universal Design for Learning
Provides an analysis of how the educational strategy of Universal Design for Learning can stimulate the process of inclusive education in different educational-cultural contexts and different areas of the educational system. The findings of the research deepen the conception of inclusive education and present an analysis of factors that are significant for developing the educational system as well as providing evidence-based recommendations for educational practice. The research for this work was done in four European countries with various historical-cultural contexts: Lithuania and Poland underwent a transformation of the educational systems at the turning point in their political system, shifting from a strictly centralized Soviet policy to a liberal and democratic education system; Austria has experienced changes in social stratification and a need for cultural harmonisation arising from active national migration processes, whereas Finland has been gradually developing a socio-democratic model of national welfare.
Implementing Integrated Water Resources Management in Central Asia
This volume reproduces the proceedings of an Advanced Research Workshop held in Bishkek, which brought together all the most senior water resource managers in Central Asia, from Ministers to local experts and eminent academics.
Impact of Pollution on Animal Products
The present workshop contributed highly to the exchange between scientists giving the opportunity for researchers from Central Asia to access to new scientific approaches and methodologies, and for European scientists to assess the extent of the environmental problems in this part of the world. No doubt that these exchanges were the main success of the workshop marked by very stimulating discussions. Such meeting was also the opportunity to put on the first stone of a scientific network focused on the subject of the workshop. The importance of pollution in Central Asia in general and in Kazakhstan in p- ticular is a well-known feature and several references are available on the source and localization of pollution problems in those countries. The references are also abundant on the impact of the environmental failures on human health.
Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2005 ; 13th International Conference, Cagliari, Italy, September 6-8, 2005, Proceedings
This volume contains the Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP 2005), held in Cagliari, Italy, at the conference centre “Centro della Cultura e dei Congressi”, on September 6–8, 2005. ICIAP 2005 was the thirteenth edition of a series of conferences organized every two years by the Italian group of researchersa?liated to the International Association for Pattern Recognition (GIRPR) with the aim to bring together researchers in image processing and pattern recognition from around the world. As for the previous editions, conference topics concerned the theory of image analysis and processing and its classical and Internet-driven applications. The central theme of ICIAP 2005 was “Pattern Recognition in the Internet and Mobile Communications Era”. The interest for such a theme was con?rmed by the large number of papers dealing with it, the special session devoted to pattern recognition for computer network security, and the emphasis of two invited talks on Internet and mobile communication issues. ICIAP 2005 received 217 paper submissions. Fifteen papers were collected into the two special sessions dealing with Pattern Recognition for Computer Network Security and Computer Vision for Augmented Reality and Augmented Environments.
Illuminating : Natural Light in Residential Architecture
"Illuminating" examines central aspects of light planning. General characteristics and fundamental principles as well as subtle facets of an intelligent treatment of daylight are discussed and critically examined within an expanded architecture- and cultural-historical context.
Illiberal Trends and Anti-EU Politics in East Central Europe
This book provides an in-depth look into the background of rule of law problems and the open defiance of EU law in East Central European countries. Current illiberal trends and anti-EU politics have the potential to undermine mutual trust between member states and fundamentally change the EU. It is therefore crucial to understand their domestic causes, context conditions, specific processes and consequences.
Human battle against obesity
Obesity is one of the most common preventable diseases and it is a medical condition in which excess fat has accumulated in the body, mostly in the subcutaneous tissues. Clinical obesity is considered to be present when a person has a body mass index of 30 or over. Obesity results from a chronic positive energy balance regulated by a complex interaction between endocrine tissues and the central nervous system, This activity reviews the pathophysiology of obesity, inflammatory markers secreted by excessive fat deposition in adipose tissue, and their effects on chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
Human and Animal Relationships
Pathogenic fungi are widely distributed and can infect many organisms, particularly humans, but also other vertebrates and insects. Due to a growing number of fungal infections, there is an increasing need to understand the interaction of pathogenic fungi with their hosts. This second completely updated and revised edition of Volume VI of The Mycota consists of state of the art reviews written by experts in the field, covering three major areas of this rapidly developing field. In the first part the current understanding of pathogenic fungi and the physiological reactions relevant for the pathogen - host interaction are elucidated. The second part describes novel technologies for the identification of proteins, virulence factors and mechanisms central to the host - pathogen interaction. The third part deals with the characterization of the host response towards pathogenic fungi and addresses timely clinical aspects.
