الصفحة 3
الصفحة 3
New Algorithms for Macromolecular Simulation
Molecular simulation is a widely used tool in biology, chemistry, physics and engineering. This book contains a collection of articles by leading researchers who are developing new methods for molecular modelling and simulation. Topics addressed here include: multiscale formulations for biomolecular modelling, such as quantum-classical methods and advanced solvation techniques; protein folding methods and schemes for sampling complex landscapes; membrane simulations; free energy calculation; and techniques for improving ergodicity. The book is meant to be useful for practitioners in the simulation community and for those new to molecular simulation who require a broad introduction to the state of the art.
Neutron and X-ray Spectroscopy
Neutron and X-Ray Spectroscopy delivers an up-to-date account of the principles and practice of inelastic and spectroscopic methods available at neutron and synchrotron sources, including recent developments. The chapters are based on a course of lectures and practicals (the HERCULES course) delivered to young scientists who require these methods in their professional careers. Each chapter, written by a leading specialist in the field, introduces the basic concepts of the technique and provides an overview of recent work. This volume, which focuses on spectroscopic techniques in synchrotron radiation and inelastic neutron scattering, will be a primary source of information for physicists, chemists and materials scientists who wish to acquire a basic understanding of these techniques and to discover the possibilities offered by them. Emphasizing the complementarity of the neutron and X-ray methods, this tutorial will also be invaluable to scientists already working in neighboring fields who seek to extend their knowledge.
Neurotransmitter Interactions and Cognitive Function
Cognitive function involves the participation of many different neurotransmitter systems in a variety of brain areas. The centerpiece of investigation regarding cognitive function has classically been the cholinergic system, but it has become increasingly clear that other transmitter systems interact with cholinergic systems to provide the neural basis for cognitive function. This book brings together cutting edge research to determine how the transmitter interactions form the mechanistic bases for attention, learning and memory. This research on transmitter interactions not only provides a more accurate, though complex, picture of how the brain works to provide cognitive function, it also provides important new levels of understanding about the mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction and novel avenues for therapeutic treatment. The researchers who contributed to this volume both reviewed the latest findings but also point to the directions of advancement of the field of neurotransmitter interactions and cognitive function.
Neurocutaneous Disorders : Phakomatoses and Hamartoneoplastic Syndromes
Neurocutaneous diseases are a wide group of conditions that affect the nervous system but appear as lesions of the skin. Some of the more common entities have variable forms of expression that can confuse the diagnosis; for the rare conditions it is difficult to find descriptions in the literature. Recent insights into their cellular, biochemical and molecular genetic bases have shown the essential need for a new nosology and updated genotype-phenotype correlations. The book provides an authoritative source of knowledge about these difficult problems and bridges the gap between clinical recognition and the new molecular medicine. The editors, distinguished clinicians and geneticists, assembled an internationally renowned group of collaborators, many of them the experts who first described a particular disorder or established its present accepted definition.
Neurobiology : Methods and protocols
Serves as a guide for students in the field of neurobiology, and be a bridge between basic science researchers, doctors, and surgeons in clinical practice. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Neural Networks : Methodology and Applications
Neural networks represent a powerful data processing technique that has reached maturity and broad application. When clearly understood and appropriately used, they are a mandatory component in the toolbox of any engineer who wants make the best use of the available data, in order to build models, make predictions, mine data, recognize shapes or signals, etc. Ranging from theoretical foundations to real-life applications, this book is intended to provide engineers and researchers with clear methodologies for taking advantage of neural networks in industrial, financial or banking applications, many instances of which are presented in the book. For the benefit of readers wishing to gain deeper knowledge of the topics, the book features appendices that provide theoretical details for greater insight, and algorithmic details for efficient programming and implementation. The chapters have been written by experts ands seemlessly edited to present a coherent and comprehensive, yet not redundant, practically-oriented introduction.
Neural Network Theory
Neural Networks Theory is a major contribution to the neural networks literature. It is a treasure trove that should be mined by the thousands of researchers and practitioners worldwide who have not previously had access to the fruits of Soviet and Russian neural network research. Dr. Galushkin is to be congratulated and thanked for his completion of this monumental work; a book that only he could write. It is a major gift to the world.
Networked Embedded Sensing and Control ; Workshop NESC'05 : University of Notre Dame, USA, October 2005 Proceedings
Recent technological developments in sensing, communications, control and computation have created an emerging class of complex systems hereon called networked embedded systems. These systems can be roughly described as collections of spatially distributed sensors, actuators and controllers whose behaviour is coordinated through wired or wireless communication links. This integration between different technologies and scientific domains presents new and challenging fundamental problems underlying the theoretical foundations for this class of systems. This workshop aims at bringing together researchers working of different aspects of networked embedded systems in order to exchange research experiences and to identify the main scientific challenges in this exciting new area.
Network Science, Nonlinear Science and Dynamic Game Theory Applied to the Study of Infrastructure Systems
Network Science, Nonlinear Science and Infrastructure Systems has been written by leading scholars in these areas. Its express purpose is to develop common theoretical underpinnings to better solve modern infrastructural problems. It is felt by many who work in these fields that many modern communication problems, ranging from transportation networks to telecommunications, Internet, supply chains, etc., are fundamentally infrastructure problems. Moreover, these infrastructure problems would benefit greatly from a confluence of theoretical and methodological work done with the areas of Network Science, Dynamical Systems and Nonlinear Science. This book is dedicated to the formulation of infrastructural tools that will better solve these types of infrastructural problems.
Network Performance Analysis : Using the J Programming Language
This useful volume introduces concepts and principles of network performance analysis by example, using the J programming language. J is rich in mathematical functionality, which makes it an ideal tool for analytical methods. The book favours a practical approach and develops functions in J to demonstrate mathematical concepts, thereby enabling readers to explore the underlying principles behind network performance analysis. In addition, this allows the subject to become more accessible to those who, although have a mathematical background, are not pure mathematicians.
Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO 2007)
The aim for NICSO 2007 was to provide a forum were the latest ideas and state of the art research related to cooperative strategies for problem solving arising from Nature could be discussed. The contributions collected in this book were strictly peer reviewed by at least three members of the international programme committee, to whom we are indebted for their support and assistance. The topics covered by the contributions include several well established nature inspired techniques like Genetic Algorithms, Ant Colonies, Artificial Immune Systems, Evolutionary Robotics, Evolvable Systems, Membrane Computing, Quantum Computing, Software Self Assembly, Swarm Intelligence, etc.
Nanotribology and nanomechanics : An introduction ; 2nd ed.
This volume serves as a timely, practical introduction to the principles of nanotribology and nanomechanics and applications to magnetic storage systems, MEMS/NEMS and BioMEMS/bioNEMS. Assuming some familiarity with macrotribology/mechanics, the book comprises chapters by internationally recognized experts, who integrate knowledge of the field from the mechanics and materials-science perspectives. They cover key measurement techniques, their applications, and theoretical modelling of interfaces, each beginning their contributions with macro- and progressing to microconcepts
Nanotribology and nanomechanics : An introduction ; 1st ed.
This volume serves as a timely, practical introduction to the principles of nanotribology and nanomechanics and applications to magnetic storage systems and MEMS/NEMS. Assuming some familiarity with macrotribology/mechanics, the book comprises chapters by internationally recognized experts, who integrate knowledge of the field from the mechanics and materials-science perspectives. They cover key measurement techniques, their applications, and theoretical modelling of interfaces, each beginning their contributions with macro- and progressing to microconcepts.
Nanotechnology in endodontics : Current and potential clinical applications
Provides detailed information on the emerging applications of nanomaterials and nanoparticles within endodontics, highlighting the exciting potential clinical impact of nanotechnology in the field. The range of applications covered is diverse, encompassing drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, antibacterial strategies, dentin tissue stabilization, dentin pulp regeneration and use in restorative and endodontic materials. Important scientific background information relating to each application is provided, with clear coverage of basic principles. In addition, potential pitfalls are identified and explained. The cytotoxicity of nanomaterials and nanoparticles is also addressed in a separate chapter. The book will be of value both for endodontic practitioners and for all scientists and graduate students who are interested in the application of nanotechnology in endodontics.
Nanoscaled Semiconductor-on-Insulator Structures and Devices
This proceedings volume constitutes an archive of the contributions of the key-speakers who attended the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on “Nanoscaled Semiconductor-On-Insulator Structures and devices” held in the Tourist and Recreation Centre “Sudak” (Crimea, Ukraine) from 15 to 19 October 2006. The semiconductor industry has sustained a very rapid growth during the last three decades through impressive technological developments which have resulted in products with higher performance and lower cost per function. After many years of development it is now confidently predicted that semiconductor-on-insulator materials will enter and increasingly be used by manufacturing industry. The wider use of semiconductor (es- cially silicon) on insulator materials will not only enable the benefits of these materials to be demonstrated but, also, will drive down the cost of substrates which, in turn, will stimulate the development of other novel devices and applications.
Nanoscale Assembly : Chemical Techniques
Recent advances have pushed the limits of lithography firmly into the sub-100 nm domain, with smallest feature sizes around 10 nm. However, compared to living organisms, devices fabricated using nanolithography are not nearly as complex, as they are essentially 2D and contain only a limited number of chemical elements. For centuries, Nature has been a major inspiration for science. First of all to learn how Life functions at cellular level, but increasingly, as a blueprint for designing non-natural devices where the building blocks and their assembly are inspired by biological examples. The key tool in translating these examples into the domain of engineering, has been self-assembly or self-organization. This book gathers a spectrum researchers who have not only furthered our knowledge of self-assembly using small molecules, polymers and colloidal particles as building blocks, but who have also shown it to be a practical tool in the assembly of an astonishing variety of devices, ranging from molecular electronics to biosensors.
Nanopharmaceuticals in regenerative medicine
A collective and comprehensive volume of the latest innovations in nanoscience technology for practical use in clinical, biomedicine and diagnostic arena. The term nanotechnology pops up in every segment of modern-day life. The primary aim of this book is to deliver the precise information to students, educators, technologists and researchers. A conglomerate of scientists from various research fields contributed to the chapters, giving detailed descriptions on the most recent developments of nanotechnology in the area of disease management. This book will also be useful for industrial research and development partners, start-up entrepreneurs, government policy makers and other professionals who are interested in nanomedicines.
Nanopharmaceuticals ; Vol.1 : Expectations and realities of multifunctional drug delivery systems
Reviews advances in the drug delivery field via nanovehicles or nanocarriers that offer benefits like targeted therapy and serves as a single dose magic bullet for multiple drug delivery with improved drug efficiency at a lower dose, transportation of the drug across physiological barriers as well as reduced drug-related toxicity. The chapters are written by a diverse group of international researchers from industry and academia. The series Expectations and Realities of Multifunctional Drug Delivery Systems examines the fabrication, optimization, biological aspects, regulatory and clinical success of wide range of drug delivery carriers. This series reviews multifunctionality and applications of drug delivery systems, industrial trends, regulatory challenges and in vivo success stories. Throughout the volumes discussions on diverse aspects of drug delivery carriers, such as clinical, engineering, and regulatory, facilitate insight sharing across expertise area and form a link for collaborations between industry-academic scientists and clinical researchers. Expectations and Realities of Multifunctional Drug Delivery Systems connects formulation scientists, regulatory experts, engineers, clinical experts and regulatory stake holders. The wide scope of the book ensures it as a valuable reference resource for researchers in both academia and the pharmaceutical industry who want to learn more about drug delivery systems.
Nanoformulations in Human Health: Challenges and Approaches
This book is an amalgamation of knowledge, experience, and expertise in various aspects of nanotechnology, by experts who are proficient in designing novel nanoformulations that are used in the treatment of various challenging and prevalent diseases. It is an exhaustive compilation of the multi-faceted arena of nanoformulations and the healthcare system that caters to the needs of academicians, scholars, researchers, etc. The most important aspect of the book covers various types of nanoformulations and their applications in the treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Each chapter focuses on a particular nanoformulation as well as a disease including the pathophysiology of the disease, the current treatment modalities of diseases, the role of nanoformulation in treatment and other future aspects and directions for further work. Coverage includes neuropathic pain, colon targeting, nose-to-brain drug delivery, cancer, arthritis and tuberculosis.
Nanocatalysis
Nanocatalysis is one of the most exciting subfields to have emerged from nanoscience. Its central aim is the control of chemical reactions by changing the size, dimensionality, chemical composition and morphology of the reaction center and by changing the kinetics using nanopatterning of the reaction centers. This approach opens up new avenues for atom-by-atom design of nanocatalysts with distinct and tunable chemical activity, specificity, and selectivity. This book is intended to give a pedagogical and methodological overview of this exciting and growing field and to highlight specific examples of current research. In this way, it serves both as an instructive introduction for graduate students who plan to enter the field and as a reference work for scientists already active in this and related areas.
