الصفحة 28
الصفحة 28
Control problems for conservation laws with traffic applications: modeling, analysis, and numerical methods
Conservation and balance laws on networks have been the subject of much research interest given their wide range of applications to real-world processes, particularly traffic flow. This open access monograph is the first to investigate different types of control problems for conservation laws that arise in the modeling of vehicular traffic. Four types of control problems are discussed - boundary, decentralized, distributed, and Lagrangian control - corresponding to, respectively, entrance points and tolls, traffic signals at junctions, variable speed limits, and the use of autonomy and communication. Because conservation laws are strictly connected to Hamilton-Jacobi equations, control of the latter is also considered.
Control of Sandwich Nonlinear Systems Authors
This unique monograph introduces an important new area of control system research and presents some new methods for solving some typical problems in the field of sandwich nonlinear systems. Sandwiched nonsmooth nonlinearities such as dead-zone, hysteresis and backlash between dynamic blocks are presented, as well as continuous-time control designs. A framework for hybrid control is developed that is used to design control schemes for different cases of the control problem with required modifications. Friction compensation is addressed for systems with sandwiched friction along with sandwiched dynamics. An open problem of the control of sandwich nonlinear systems with actuator failures is introduced by a control design for an illustrative case.
Control of Robot Manipulators in Joint Space
Robot control is the backbone of robotics, an essential discipline in the maintenance of high quality and productivity in modern industry. The most common method of control for industrial robotic manipulators relies on the measurement and amendment of joint displacement: so-called "joint-space control
Control of nonlinear and hybrid process systems : Designs for uncertainty, constraints and time-delays
The book includes many detailed examples which can be easily modified by a control engineer to be tailored to a specific application. This book is useful for researchers in control systems theory, graduate students pursuing their degree in control systems and control engineers.
Control of Dead-time Processes
Control of Dead-time Processes introduces the fundamental techniques for controlling dead-time processes ranging from simple monovariable to complex multivariable cases. Solutions to dead-time-process-control problems are studied using classical proportional-integral-differential (PID) control for the simpler examples and dead-time-compensator (DTC) and model predictive control (MPC) methods for progressively more complex ones. Although MPC and DTC approaches originate in different areas of control, both use predictors to overcome the effects of dead time. Using this fact, the text analyses MPC as a dead-time-compensation strategy and shows how it can be used synergistically with robust DTC tuning methodologies.
Contributions from Science Education Research
In August 2005, over 500 international researchers from the field of science education met at the 5th European Science Education Research Association conference in Barcelona, Spain. Two of the main topics at this conference were: the decrease in the number of students interested in school science and concern about the worldwide outcomes of studies on students’ scientific literacy. At the conference, over 400 papers were presented, covering a wide range of topics relevant to science education research, such as evidence-based practice, teachers’ professional development, the role of ICT and multimedia, formal and informal learning environments, and argumentation and modelling in science education. This volume includes edited versions of 37 outstanding papers presented during the conference, including the lectures of the keynote speakers. They have been selected for their quality, variety and interest, and present a good overview of the field of science education research.
Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta A/D Conversion : Fundamentals, Performance Limits and Robust Implementations
This comprehensive book deals with all relevant aspects arising during the analysis, design and simulation of the now widespread continuous-time implementations of sigma-delta modulators. The results of several years of research by the authors in the field of CT sigma-delta modulators are covered, including the analysis and modeling of different CT modulator architectures, CT/DT loop filter synthesis, a detailed error analysis of all components, and possible compensation/correction schemes for the non-ideal behavior in CT sigma-delta modulators. Guidance for obtaining low-power consumption and several practical implementations are also presented. It is shown that all the proposed new theories, architectures and possible correction techniques have been confirmed by measurements on discrete or integrated circuits. Quantitative results are also provided, thus enabling prediction of the resulting accuracy.
Continuous Semigroups of Holomorphic Self-maps of the Unit Disc
The book faces the interplay among dynamical properties of semigroups, analytical properties of infinitesimal generators and geometrical properties of Koenigs functions. The book includes precise descriptions of the behavior of trajectories, backward orbits, petals and boundary behavior in general, aiming to give a rather complete picture of all interesting phenomena that occur. In order to fulfill this task, we choose to introduce a new point of view, which is mainly based on the intrinsic dynamical aspects of semigroups in relation with the hyperbolic distance and a deep use of Carathéodory prime ends topology and Gromov hyperbolicity theory.
Continuous Optimization : Current Trends and Modern Applications
The search for the best possible performance is inherent in human nature. Individuals, enterprises and governments all seek optimal—that is, the best—possible solutions of problems that they meet. Evidently, continuous optimization plays an increasingly significant role in everyday management and technical decisions in science, engineering and commerce. The collection of 16 refereed papers in this book covers a diverse number of topics and provides a good picture of recent research in continuous optimization. The first part of the book presents substantive survey articles in a number of important topic areas of continuous optimization. Most of the papers in the second part present results on the theoretical aspects as well as numerical methods of continuous optimization. The papers in the third part are mainly concerned with applications of continuous optimization.
Contemporary Sociological Theory : An Integrated Multi-Level Approach
This book covers the major theoretical orientations that have been influential in American sociology since the mid-twentieth century. These include symbolic interaction, phenomenological sociology and ethnomethodology, social exchange and rational choice theories, sociology of emotions, functionalism and neofunctionalism, conflict and critical theory, selected feminist theories, structuration theory, systems theory, sociobiology, selected sociology of culture perspectives, and major themes from postmodern orientations.
Contemporary Nordic Literature and Spatiality
This collection offers a detailed mapping of recent Nordic literature and its different genres (fiction, poetry, and children’s literature) through the perspective of spatiality. Concentrating on contemporary Nordic literature, the book presents a distinctive view on the spatial turn and widens the understanding of Nordic literature outside of canonized authors.
Contemporary endodontics for children and adolescents
Describes pulp therapy from a holistic approach that highlights new developments in the field. Readers will find updates on the formation, structure and function of the dental pulp revealed by the latest single-cell technologies, and discussions on carious lesions and their impact on the pulp. The book examines clinical considerations in the decision to perform pulp treatment and emphasizes the need to integrate pupal diagnostics with patient-dependent factors such as behavior management and pulpal pain mechanisms. The second part of the book includes comprehensive descriptions of current treatments for each type of caries-inflicted tooth damage, from selective caries removal through direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, pulpectomy and root canal therapy for primary dentition to direct pulp capping and endodontic treatment of young permanent teeth.
Contact Problems : The legacy of L.A. Galin
L.A. Galin's book on contact problems is a remarkable work. Actually there are two books: the first, published in 1953 deals with contact problems in the classical theory of elasticity; this is the one that was translated into English in 1961. The second book, published in 1980, included the first, and then had new sections on contact problems for viscoelastic materials, and rough contact problems; this section has not previously been translated into English.
Constructal Theory of Social Dynamics
Constructal Theory of Social Dynamics brings together for the first time social scientists and engineers to develop a predictive theory of social organization, as a conglomerate of mating flows that morph in time to flow more easily (people, goods, money, energy, information). These flows have objectives (e.g., minimization of effort, travel time, cost), and the objectives clash with global constraints (space, time, resources). The result is organization (flow architecture) derived from one principle of configuration evolution in time (the constructal law): "for a flow system to persist in time, its configuration must morph such that it provides easier access to its streams."
Constrained Control and Estimation : An Optimisation Approach
Using the principal tools of prediction and optimisation, this work gives the examples of how to deal with constraints, placing emphasis on model predictive control. It contains results that combine a number of methods, enabling you to build on your background in estimation theory, linear control, stability theory and state-space methods.
Conflicts Between Generalization, Rigor, and Intuition : Number Concepts Underlying the Development of Analysis in 17th-19th Century France and Germany
Conflicts Between Generalization, Rigor, and Intuition undertakes a historical analysis of the development of two mathematical concepts -negative numbers and infinitely small quantities, mainly in France and Germany, but also in Britain, and the different paths taken there.This book not only discusses the history of the two concepts, but it also introduces a wealth of new knowledge and insights regarding their interrelation as necessary foundations for the emergence of the 19th century concept of analysis. The historical investigation unravels several processes underlying and motivating conceptual change: generalization (in particular, algebraization as an agent for generalizing) and a continued effort of intuitive accessibility which often conflicted with likewise desired rigor. The study focuses on the 18th and the 19th centuries.The book provides a productive unity to a large number of historical sources.
Conflict prevention in project management : Strategies, methods, checklists, and case studies
This handbook is about the handling of external conflicts in international technical projects written for Project Managers and Engineers, Sales Managers, Executives and Legal Managers as seen from the client's as well as from the contractor's side. It is also for students seeking to become leaders in these disciplines and not to reproduce mistakes that others have made before them. The book does not try to give legal advice, but it helps engineers and project managers how to plan and execute their project in order to avoid major conflicts during the project.
Conditionals, Information, and Inference
Conditionals are fascinating and versatile objects of knowledge representation. On the one hand, they may express rules in a very general sense, representing, for example, plausible relationships, physical laws, and social norms. On the other hand, as default rules or general implications, they constitute a basic tool for reasoning, even in the presence of uncertainty. In this sense, conditionals are intimately connected both to information and inference. Due to their non-Boolean nature, however, conditionals are not easily dealt with. They are not simply true or false — rather, a conditional “if A then B” provides a context, A, for B to be plausible (or true) and must not be confused with “A entails B” or with the material implication “not A or B.” This ill- trates how conditionals represent information, understood in its strict sense as reduction of uncertainty. To learn that, in the context A, the proposition B is plausible, may reduce uncertainty about B and hence is information. The ab- ity to predict such conditioned propositions is knowledge and as such (earlier) acquired information. The ?rst work on conditional objects dates back to Boole in the 19th c- tury, and the interest in conditionals was revived in the second half of the 20th century, when the emerging Arti?cial Intelligence made claims for appropriate formaltoolstohandle“generalizedrules.”Sincethen,conditionalshavebeenthe topic of countless publications, each emphasizing their relevance for knowledge representation, plausible reasoning, nonmonotonic inference, and belief revision.
Concurrent Zero-Knowledge : With Additional Background by Oded Goldreich
Zero-knowledge proofs are fascinating and extremely useful constructs. Their fascinating nature is due to their seemingly contradictory de?nition; ze- knowledge proofs are convincing and yet yield nothing beyond the validity of the assertion being proved. Their applicability in the domain of cryptography is vast; they are typically used to force malicious parties to behave according to a predetermined protocol. In addition to their direct applicability in cr- tography, zero-knowledge proofs serve as a good benchmark for the study of variousproblemsregardingcryptographicprotocols(e.g.,“securecomposition of protocols”).
Concrete composite columns : Behavior and design
Moves beyond existing resources, to study the relationship between existing composite structures and design methods for the sectional form of concrete composite structure. Chapters cover the failure criteria of concrete; confined concrete types; models including axial stress prediction, analysis oriented constitutive, and design-oriented constitutive models; the design and analysis of section form; double confined concrete; seismic behaviors of concrete composite columns; and the seismic design of concrete composite columns.
