الصفحة 230
الصفحة 230
An Introduction to Number Theory
An Introduction to Number Theory provides an introduction to the main streams of number theory. Starting with the unique factorization property of the integers, the theme of factorization is revisited several times throughout the book to illustrate how the ideas handed down from Euclid continue to reverberate through the subject. In particular, the book shows how the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, handed down from antiquity, informs much of the teaching of modern number theory. The result is that number theory will be understood, not as a collection of tricks and isolated results, but as a coherent and interconnected theory. A number of different approaches to number theory are presented, and the different streams in the book are brought together in a chapter that describes the class number formula for quadratic fields and the famous conjectures of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer. The final chapter introduces some of the main ideas behind modern computational number theory and its applications in cryptography.
An Introduction to Meshfree Methods and Their Programming
This book aims to present meshfree methods in a friendly and straightforward manner, so that beginners can very easily understand, comprehend, program, implement, apply and extend these methods. It provides first the fundamentals of numerical analysis that are particularly important to meshfree methods. Typical meshfree methods, such as EFG, RPIM, MLPG, LRPIM, MWS and collocation methods are then introduced systematically detailing the formulation, numerical implementation and programming. Many well-tested computer source codes developed by the authors are attached with useful descriptions. The application of the codes can be readily performed using the examples with input and output files given in table form. These codes consist of most of the basic meshfree techniques, and can be easily extended to other variations of more complex procedures of meshfree methods. Readers can easily practice with the codes provided to effective learn and comprehend the basics of meshfree methods.
An Introduction to Mathematics of Emerging Biomedical Imaging
Biomedical imaging is a fascinating research area to applied mathematicians. Challenging imaging problems arise and they often trigger the investigation of fundamental problems in various branches of mathematics. This is the first book to highlight the most recent mathematical developments in emerging biomedical imaging techniques. The main focus is on emerging multi-physics and multi-scales imaging approaches. For such promising techniques, it provides the basic mathematical concepts and tools for image reconstruction. Further improvements in these exciting imaging techniques require continued research in the mathematical sciences, a field that has contributed greatly to biomedical imaging and will continue to do so.
An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering
Knowledge Engineering refers to the development of systems that use knowledge, rather than data, to solve many novel computing problems. This is achieved by the application of computing techniques, closely associated with human cognitive processes, for transforming data into knowledge. An Introduction to Knowledge Engineering presents a simple but detailed exploration of current and established work in the field.
An Introduction to international criminal law and Procedure
Offers readers comprehensive coverage and a high level of academic rigour while maintaining its signature accessible and engaging style. Introducing the readers to the fundamental concepts of international criminal law, as well as the domestic and international institutions that enforce that law, this book engages with critical questions, political and moral challenges, and alternatives to international justice.
An Introduction to Global Spectral Modeling
Numerical weather prediction is receiving increased attention as weather forecasters aim to improve the numerical models used to forecast the weather. This is a textbook on global spectral modeling, which is an important component for global weather forecasts at numerous operational centers. This book covers all areas of model development including numerical analysis, treatment of clouds, mountains, radiation, precipitation processes, and the surface layers over land and the ocean. The objectives of this book are to provide a systematic and sequential background for students, researchers, and operational weather forecasters in order to develop comprehensive weather forecast models. This is designed for a one semester introductory graduate level course on weather prediction methodologies. As a prerequisite it requires a basic background in meteorology, applied mathematics, and numerical analysis.
An introduction to generative drug discovery
Describes the state‑of‑the‑art methods and applications for de novo design of drug candidates using generative chemistry models as well as the ethical aspects of this technology. It will provide a foundation for those new to the field as well as those that may already have some experience of its utility. With contributions from scientists in both academia and industry ‘Introduction to Generative Drug Discovery’ may represent one of the earliest if not the first book to focus on this topic.
An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI
This book provides an introduction into the ethics of robots and artificial intelligence. The book was written with university students, policy makers, and professionals in mind but should be accessible for most adults. The book is meant to provide balanced and, at times, conflicting viewpoints as to the benefits and deficits of AI through the lens of ethics. As discussed in the chapters that follow, ethical questions are often not cut and dry. Nations, communities, and individuals may have unique and important perspectives on these topics that should be heard and considered. While the voices that compose this book are our own, we have attempted to represent the views of the broader AI, robotics, and ethics communities.
An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis
It is designed to be a "first port of call" for people wishing to study efficiency and productivity analysis. The book provides an accessible introduction to the four principal methods involved: econometric estimation of average response models; index numbers; data envelopment analysis (DEA); and stochastic firontier analysis (SFA). For each method, we provide a detailed introduction to the basic concepts, give some simple numerical examples, discuss some of the more important extensions to the basic methods, and provide references for further reading. In addition, we provide a number of detailed empirical applications using real-world data.
An Introduction to Echo Analysis : Scattering Theory and Wave Propagation
The use of various types of wave energy is an increasingly promising, non-destructive means of detecting objects and of diagnosing the properties of quite complicated materials. An analysis of this technique requires an understanding of how waves evolve in the medium of interest and how they are scattered by inhomogeneities in the medium. These scattering phenomena can be thought of as arising from some perturbation of a given, known system and they are analysed by developing a scattering theory. This monograph provides an introductory account of scattering phenomena and a guide to the technical requirements for investigating wave scattering problems.
An introduction to differential geometry with applications to elasticity
Interestingly, notions that pertain to di?erential geometry per se,suchas covariant derivatives of tensor ?elds, are also introduced in Chapters 3 and 4, where they appear most naturally in the derivation of the basic boundary value problems of three-dimensional elasticity and shell theory.
An Introduction to Difference Equations
The book integrates both classical and modern treatments of difference equations. It contains the most updated and comprehensive material, yet the presentation is simple enough for the book to be used by advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. This third edition includes more proofs, more graphs, and more applications. The author has also updated the contents by adding a new chapter on Higher Order Scalar Difference Equations, along with recent results on local and global stability of one-dimensional maps, a new section on the various notions of asymptoticity of solutions, a detailed proof of Levin-May Theorem, and the latest results on the LPA flour-beetle model
An Introduction to Bayesian Analysis : Theory and Methods
This book is a contemporary introduction to theory, methods and computation in Bayesian Analysis. It focuses on topics that have stood the test of time and on emerging areas. No other such book is available in the market.
An introduction to architectural conservation : Philosophy, legislation and practice
An Introduction to Architectural Conservation introduces non-specialist architects to the principles behind legislation concerning historic buildings. It is a practical guide to good working practice.
An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering
An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering introduces software engineering to advanced-level undergraduate and graduate students of computer science. It emphasizes a case-study approach whereby a project is developed through the course of the book, illustrating the different activities of software development. The sequence of chapters is essentially the same as the sequence of activities performed during a typical software project. All activities, including quality assurance and control activities, are described in each chapter as integral activities for that phase of development. Similarly, the author carefully introduces appropriate metrics for controlling and assessing the software process. Chapters in this revised edition, updated for today’s standards, include these new features: Software Process, Requirements Analysis and Specification, Software Architecture, Project Planning, Object Oriented Design, Coding,Testing,
An illustrated guide to oral histology
Delivers a collection of high-definition histological and pathological images, presenting both diseased and normal oral tissues. also includes core topics such as: An introduction to tooth development, including the bud, cap, early bell, and late bell stages A thorough exploration of enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp A discussion of the periodontal ligament, including alveolar crest fibers, horizontal, oblique, apical, and inter-radicular fibers, transseptal fibers, and gingival fibers A guide to alveolar bone, oral mucosa, and salivary glands Perfect for postgraduate dental students, An Illustrated Guide to Oral Histology will also be useful to undergraduate dental students, and those looking to improve their understanding of the microscopic structure of dental tissues and their pathologies.
An Energy Analysis of Household Consumption : Changing Patterns of Direct and Indirect Use in India
The book presents a novel socio-economic approach to analysing the - ergy system and energy consumption in India from a household persp- tive. In doing so, it views households as the ultimate end-consumers and estimates and analyses the direct and indirect energy requirements of household consumption, both at an aggregate national level as well as at a disaggregate household level. In addition, the work incorporates two c- cial aspects often ignored by many energy studies that are characteristic of most developing countries, namely the importance of non-commercial sources of biomass energy in the energy systems of these countries, and the enormous diversity and inequity in the patterns of energy access and use across households with different lifestyles and levels of well being.
An economic feasibility study of extracting electrical energy from solar panels
The research is a case that study depends on both secondary and primary data. Secondary data should be collected from the firms producing the photo panels(local and foreign) and those that working in this field in addition to the data of the ministry of electricity in Syria and the national center of power, while primary data should be collected by interviews with the persons working in electricity field .Then the traditional steps of commercial profitability analysis should be followed starting in pre-feasibility study passing the detailed feasibility study steps which, in turn, consists of the following phases : market study , technical study , financial study in order to reach the estimated net cash flows that should be used in analyzing the project feasibility depending on all criteria both traditional " payback-period . Simple rate of return" and economic criteria " net present value and the internal rate of return”.
An ecological and societal approach to biological control
Biological control is among the most promising methods for control of pests (including vectors), diseases and weeds. In this book ecological and societal aspects are for the first time treated together. In an ecological approach the aim is to evaluate the significance of certain biological properties like biodiversity and natural habitats. Also, it is important to see biological control from an organic (or ecological) farming point of view. In a societal approach terms like ‘consumer’s attitude’, ‘risk perception’, ‘learning and education’ and ‘value triangle’ are recognised as significant for biological production and human welfare.
An assessment framework for compliance with international space law and norms : Promoting equitable access and Use of space for emerging actors
proposes a framework for assessing countries’ levels of compliance with international space law and norms. It begins by exploring the development of two movements – the evidence-based policymaking and programming movement, and the rise of ratings and rankings research – and their growth across various disciplines. The analysis suggests that such efforts are useful in gauging the behavior of countries in space according to how well they adhere to existing space law and norms. To date, there is no comprehensive, periodic, and systematic measure of countries’ efforts to comply with space law and norms; this work endeavors to fill that gap by offering a framework in which to assess compliance.
