الصفحة 22
الصفحة 22
Esterification of Polysaccharides
Polysaccharide esters (cellulose and starch) are among the first polymeric materials applied commercially. The way of producing these technically relevant derivatives, mainly the carboxylic acid esters of C2 to C4 acids, have not been changed significantly during their history of manufacture. The investigation of new acylation methods and strategies of analysis was revived during the last decade by the search for tailored, biocompatible, material for specific fields of application, e.g., biotechnology, sensor technique and medicine. Unconventional solvents were developed for completely homo-geneous acylation reaction applying state of the art techniques of modern organic chemistry for polysaccharide modification. This book will provide a first comprehensive summary of acylation methods in a very practical manner. Detailed structure analysis is indispensable for the evaluation of structure-property-relationships. Spectroscopic methods in particular FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy including two dimensional methods are of increasing importance.
Establishing The Foundation Of Collaborative Networks ; IFIP TC 5 Working Group 5.5 Eighth IFIP Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises September 10-12, 2007, Guimarães, Portugal
While today production and service provision constitute the main areas of application for Collaborative Networks (CNs) worldwide, during the last decade the paradigm is extending to many new application areas. These developments emphasize the need for establishing a sounder foundation for collaborative networks, namely in terms of theoretical principles and formal models, capturing the concepts, entities, behaviors, and operations of the CNs, and developing technology-independent infrastructure architectures, tools and methodologies. This book includ represent a comprehensive overview of recent advances in various domains and lines of research and development on collaborative networks. There is a special emphasis on the CN topics related to trust aspects, performance and value systems, VO breeding environments, VO creation, e-contracting, collaborative architectures and frameworks, professional virtual communities, interoperability issues, business benefits, and case studies and applications in industry and services.
Essentials of mechanical stress analysis
Essentials of Mechanical Stress Analysis, updated for the second edition, covers stress analysis from an interdisciplinary perspective. Discussing techniques and theories essential to analysing structures, the book covers both analytical and numerical approaches. Also covering beams, plates, columns and elastic instability, the book discusses fatigue, life cycle, energy methods and MathCAD sample code.
Essentials of consumer behavior
Essentials of consumer behavior offers an unique material on vulnerable consumers and ethics. Balancing a strong academic foundation with a practical approach, Stephens emphasizes that consumer behavior does not simply equate to buyer behavior. She examines the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that shape consumers’ attitudes and motivations in relation to brands, products, and marketing messages. Providing a concise guide to the discipline, the author covers key themes such as vulnerable consumers, new technologies, and collaborative consumption.
Essentials of Chinese Materia medica and medical formulas : New century traditional Chinese medicine
Essentials of Chinese Materia Medica and Medical Formulas: New Century Traditional Chinese Medicine presents specific knowledge about the source, medicinal nature, action and application of more than 800 commonly-used Chinese materia medica, as well as the efficacy and application of more than 740 kinds of commonly-used Chinese medical formulas. Notably, all of the content is presented in table form, making the information easier to access, understand and apply. Each primary herbal medicine is introduced with color pictures, and each primary formula is presented with efficacy analysis pictures. The book provides readers with essential information on Chinese materia medica and formulas and how to use them accurately, including the most common Chinese materia medica used in clinics and in commonly used clinical formulas.
Essential Issues in SOC Design : Designing Complex Systems-on-Chip
SOC design is fast becoming the key area of focus that engineers and researchers from the Electronic Design Automation field are focusing on in their quest to further develop Integrated Circuit technology. The more systems and even networks that we can integrate on one piece of silicon, the faster, cheaper, more powerful and efficient the technology will become. Essential Issues in SOC Design contains valuable academic and industrial examples for those involved with the design of complex SOCs, all contributors are selected from a region of the world that is generally known to lead the "SOC-Revolution", namely Asia.
Equity policies in global higher Education : Reducing inequality and increasing participation and attainment
This book discusses and analyses global policies and practices aimed at promoting equity in higher education participation and attainment. Although the massification of higher education systems has facilitated the participation of students from deprived backgrounds, socioeconomic inequalities persist in access to the most prestigious institutions and programmes. Privileged students benefit from a number of advantages in the competition for selective and scarce places: access to information, lower aversion to debt, higher expectations, better previous schooling and higher academic achievement.
Equidistribution in Number Theory, An Introduction
This volume presents details of the lecture series that were given at the school. Across the broad panorama of topics that constitute modern number t- ory one nds shifts of attention and focus as more is understood and better questions are formulated. Over the last decade or so we have noticed incre- ing interest being paid to distribution problems, whether of rational points, of zeros of zeta functions, of eigenvalues, etc. Although these problems have been motivated from very di?erent perspectives, one nds that there is much in common, and presumably it is healthy to try to view such questions as part of a bigger subject.
EQ-5D value sets
For various reasons, cost benefit analysis is usually rejected in favour of cost-effectiveness or cost-utility analyses, often involving the estimation of the incremental cost per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) gained (Drummond et al, 2005). The estimation of QALYs gained requires valuations for all relevant health states on a scale anchored at 1 = Full health and 0 = Dead. The EQ-5D is widely used in this context and a number of value sets are available for all the health states generated by the EQ-5D descriptive system. These can be readily applied to health outcomes measured as EQ-5D profiles. EQ-5D has become one of the valuation approaches recommended by several reimbursement authorities and academic bodies in European countries
Enzyme-Based Organic Synthesis
In Enzyme-Based Organic Synthesis, expert chemist Dr. Cheanyeh Cheng delivers a comprehensive discussion of the principles, methods, and applications of enzymatic and microbial processes for organic synthesis. The book thoroughly explores this growing area of green synthetic organic chemistry, both in the context of academic research and industrial practice.
Environmentally-Friendly Product Development: Methods and Tools
Presents a survey of eco-friendly product design. This work is aimed at researchers and academics in design engineering and practitioners and managers in the industry
Environmental Value Transfer : Issues and Methods
The transfer of environmental values in time and space has increased rapidly with the widespread use of cost benefit analysis in project evaluation and regulatory assessments over the last three decades. The purpose of this volume is to take a snapshot of the research that is ongoing in the area of value transfer (benefit transfer). It includes papers by some of the most influential authors in the area, and covers the latest developments in the field. It will be useful for academics conducting research in this area and for practitioners in government agencies and ministries, as well as consulting firms.
Environmental Security in Harbors and Coastal Areas : Management Using Comparative Risk Assessment and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
This book explores the challenges facing coastal areas during the next few decades and the difficult decisions needed to prevent a repeat of the past. Establishing, maintaining or enhancing a sense of environmental security in different coastal regions and improving the management of critical infrastructure will require (i) matching human demands with available environmental resources; (ii) recognition of environmental security threats and infrastructure vulnerabilities; and, (iii) identification of the range of available options for preventing and/or minimizing natural disasters, technological failures, and/or terror actions. This book emphasizes beliefs that the convergence of seemingly disparate viewpoints and often uncertain and limited information is possible only by using one or more available risk assessment methodologies and decision-making tools such as multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA).
Environmental Security and Public Safety ; Problems and Needs in Conversion Policy and Research after 15 Years of Conversion in Central and Eastern Europe
Although the end of the Cold War has paved the way to a substantial demilitarisation and conversion, the leftovers of this process – such as former military installations, military training areas, and huge quantities of unserviceable ammunition and equipment – still pose a severe threat to the environment of both NATO and Partner countries.The rehabilitation of these areas for civilian uses is extremely costly and is generally in the short and medium term not possible. For this reason, the development of new methods for the estimation avoidance of risks should receive special priority. In the context of this ARW, the reconnaissance and appraisal of conversion areas with respect to costs, returns, and legal considerations were discussed. The decades-long use of some areas led to the heavy loading of contaminates. Every task of conversion has as its goal the elimination of dangers to humans and nature, and the return of areas to civil use, such that these areas can be used realise economic interests of the society.
Environmental Modeling : Using MATLAB®
“Environmental Modeling using MATLAB R ” by Ekkehard Holzbecher is an excellent publication and a novel approach covering the intersection of two important, growing worlds – the world of environmental modeling and of mathematical software. Environmental modeling is a science that uses mathematics and comp- ers to simulate physical and chemical phenomena in the environment (e.g., environmental pollution).
Environmental Geology : Handbook of Field Methods and Case Studies
As earth’s population continues to grow and the detrimental aftereffects of industrialization and environmental negligence become more apparent, society has become more aware of, and concerned about, stewardship of the natural environment – water, soil, and air. Sustainable development has become more widely received and promoted in many parts of the world. The need is now critical for earth and environmental scientists and engineers to work together to implement technologies that can preserve our environment. The Earth’s population was 6.6 billion as of April 2007 according to the U.S. Census Bureau. This number is expected to rise to 9.4 billion by 2050. The population is increasing the demand for natural resources and energy, and increasing stress on the environment. Thus, protection of the environment and remediation of damage to the environment must be a priority. It is also important to develop procedures that will help to avert further damage to the environment and to recognize as early as possible the risks associated with changes in the environment. Many methodologies and technologies have become more advanced in the past few decades, and new technologies and approaches have been developed, all to address the growing need for environmental assessment, monitoring, and remediation. As these technologies have grown, the need for interdisciplinary cooperation has also become more apparent.
Entrepreneurship in Emerging Domestic Markets : Barriers and Innovation
As one examines worldwide economic growth over the past decade, it is clear that the U.S. economy has surpassed most of the industrialized world, both in its rate of growth and its ability to create wealth. Entrepreneurship is critical to this growth—entrepreneurs recognize the potential of new ideas, design applications, develop new products, and successfully bring products to market. They build companies and create jobs, generating new opportunities for wealth creation.
Entrepreneurship and innovation education : Frameworks and tools
This book is a compilation of tools, techniques and frameworks for use in the field of entrepreneurship and innovation (E&I) education. Developed and honed over the past two decades, these teaching approaches are combined with well-versed practical insight. As professors know all too well, the human brain cannot articulate more than three or four dimensions of a problem without the aid of what could be referred to as checklists for thinking: frameworks (visual or otherwise) that help students think in terms of multiple variables affecting a problem.
Entrepreneurial Orientation in Academia
In addition to research and education, today’s role of acadamia in the United States also includes the creation of wealth for society. Universities are active in fostering innovation and transferring technology. However, it should be noted that some universities act more as entrepreneurs than others and are more successful in selling licenses and spinning off companies. Based on the concept of entrepreneurial orientation, Jan Boehm elaborates on the relationship between dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation – such as autonomy, innovativeness, proactiveness, competitiveness, risk-taking, and interdisciplinarity – and technology transfer performance of U.S. universities. Using variance-based multivariate analysis and a survey of principal investigators, the author concludes that entrepreneurial orientation within research organizations has a positive impact on technology transfer.
Entertainment computing - ICEC 2006 ; 5th International Conference, Cambridge, UK, September 20-22, 2006, Proceeding
ICEC 2006 attracted 47 full paper submissions, 48 short paper submissions in total 95 technical papers. Based on a thorough review and selection process by 85 international experts from academia and industry as members of the Program Committee, a high-quality program was compiled. The International Program Committee consisted of experts from all over the world As a result, 17 full papers and 17 short papers were accepted as submitted or with minor revisions. For the remaining submissions, 28 were recommended to change according to the reviews and were submitted as posters. This proceedings volume presents 62 technical contributions which are from many different countries.
