الصفحة 21
الصفحة 21
Third-Party Liability of Classification Societies : A Comparative Perspective
Classification societies are charged with the technical supervision of maritime shipping to enhance the safety of life and property at sea by securing high te- nical standards of design, manufacture, construction and maintenance of seagoing vessels. Each and every shipping catastrophe caused by a technical defect reminds the maritime world of the central importance of the vessel’s proper technical supervision. Correspondingly, the liability of classification societies has become a particularly discussed issue over the past years. Their contractual liability is usually limited by general terms and conditions incorporated in the classification rules and cases brought by typical contracting partners of classification societies, such as ship owners and ship yards, are not an issue in the current debate. H- ever, one can note a substantial worldwide increase of actions brought by parties who are not in privity with classification societies. This study focuses on third-party liability of classification societies. It ori- nates in an expert opinion on selected issues relating to third-party liability which the authors compiled for the German classification society Germanischer Lloyd AG. Driven by the highly interesting legal issues and unexplored shores in this area of law
Third Generation Photovoltaics : Advanced Solar Energy Conversion
Photovoltaics, the direct conversion of sunlight to electricity, is now the fastest growing technology for electricity generation. Present "first generation" products use the same silicon wafers as in microelectronics. "Second generation" thin-films, now entering the market, have the potential to greatly improve the economics by eliminating material costs. Martin Green, one of the world’s foremost photovoltaic researchers, argues in this book that "second generation" photovoltaics will eventually reach its own material cost constraints, engendering a "third generation" of high performance thin-films. The book explores, self-consistently, the energy conversion potential of advanced approaches for improving photovoltaic performance and outlines possible implementation paths.
Thinking like a lawyer : A new introduction to legal reasoning
Aimed at law students and upper-level undergraduates, this primer on legal reasoning is also an original exposition of basic legal concepts that scholars and lawyers will find stimulating. Schauer’s analysis of what makes legal reasoning special will be a valuable guide for students and a challenge to a wide range of current academic theories.
Thinking about Life : The History and Philosophy of Biology and Other Sciences
Our previous book, About Life, concerned modern biology. We used our present-day understanding of cells to ‘define’ the living state, providing a basis for exploring several general-interest topics: the origin of life, extraterrestrial life, intelligence, and the possibility that humans are unique. The ideas we proposed in About Life were intended as starting-points for debate – we did not claim them as ‘truth’ – but the information on which they were based is currently accepted as ‘scientific fact’. What does that mean? What is ‘scientific fact’ and why is it accepted? What is science – and is biology like other sciences such as physics (except in subject m- ter)? The book you are now reading investigates these questions – and some related ones. Like About Life, it may particularly interest a reader who wishes to change career to biology and its related subdisciplines. In line with a recommendation by the British Association for the Advancement of Science – that the public should be given fuller information about the nature of science – we present the concepts underpinning biology and a survey of its historical and philosophical basis.
Think Like An Architect : How to develop critical, creative and collaborative problem-solving skills
Shows readers how to access those thinking types and use them outside pure design thinking – showing how they can both solve problems but also identify the problems that need solving. To think the way the best architects do. With a clear, driving narrative, peppered with anecdote, stories and real-life scenarios, this book will future-proof the architectural student. Change is coming in the architecture profession, and this is a much-needed exploration of the critical thinking skills that architects have in abundance, but that are not taught well enough within architecture schools. These skills are crucial in being able to respond agilely to a future that nobody is quite sure of.
Thin Place Design : Architecture of the Numinous
Aims to expand the discussion about thin places, how they work and why they are important. It explores the origins and characteristics of a thin places, and their applications at architectural and urban scales. Focus on awe experiences particularly to architecture and other design professionals. Showing how certain buildings help facilitate the connection between the secular or profane and sacred or numinous space, and to special urban design settings, such as Siena Campo, Taos Square, and European villages. A detailed explanation and illustration of place characteristics and defining patterns that contribute to a charged awe experience. It also focuses twenty specific ectypal patterns that contribute to such experiences.
Thin Films of Soft Matter
A detailed overview and comprehensive analysis of the main theoretical and experimental advances on free surface thin film and jet flows of soft matter is given. At the theoretical front the book outlines the basic equations and boundary conditions and the derivation of low-dimensional models for the evolution of the free surface. Such models include long-wave expansions and equations of the boundary layer type and are analyzed via linear stability analysis, weakly nonlinear theories and strongly nonlinear analysis including construction of stationary periodic and solitary wave and similarity solutions. At the experimental front a variety of very recent experimental developments is outlined and the link between theory and experiments is illustrated. Such experiments include spreading drops and bubbles, imbibitions, singularity formation at interfaces and experimental characterization of thin films using atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry and contact angle measurements and analysis of patterns using Minkowski functionals.
Thin films and heterostructures for oxide electronics
"this book intends to serve as a significant and insightful source of valuable information pertaining to the ongoing scientific debates, current state of understanding and future directions. As such, it should be very useful to university students, post docs, professors and research scientists in industries and national laboratories." With the ever-shrinking dimensions and ever-increasing speeds of conventional semiconductor-based micro and opto-electronic devices, scientific limitations are beginning to be felt by the technology sector in keeping pace with the newer device demands of the modern times. Novel approaches involving new materials such as functional oxides are being explored to tackle this problem. This research is already beginning to pave way for the next generation device concepts and configurations for advanced oxide electronics, encompassing magneto-optics and spintronics. Thin Film Heterostructures for Oxide Electronic presents comprehensive chapters written by active researchers in the field of oxide films and heterostructures. These chapters capture the excitement of this emerging frontier of immense scientific and technological interest. They highlight the materials, physics, device and even key fabrication issues. Many interesting material systems such as magnetic, ferroelectric and superconducting oxides, wide band-gap semiconducting oxides and high- dielectric oxides are discussed.
Thieme atlas of anatomy ; Vol.3 : Head, neck, and neuroanatomy
Combines illustrations with explanatory text and summary tables, introducing clinical applications throughout, and presenting anatomic concepts in a step-by-step sequence that includes system-by-system and topographical views; this volume covers head, neck, and neuroanatomy
Thermodynamics in Earth and Planetary Sciences
Based on a university course, this book provides an exposition of a large spectrum of geological, geochemical and geophysical problems that are amenable to thermodynamic analysis.
Thermodynamics and Fluctuations far from Equilibrium
Sals with the formulation of the thermodynamics of chemical and other systems far from equilibrium, including connections to fluctuations. It contains applications to non-equilibrium stationary states and approaches to such states, systems with multiple stationary states, stability and equi-stability conditions, reaction diffusion systems, transport properties, and electrochemical systems. The theoretical treatment is complemented by experimental results to substantiate the formulation. Dissipation and efficiency are analyzed in autonomous and externally forced reactions, including several biochemical systems.
Thermal Stress Resistance of Materials
This book deals with the problem of a bearing capacity and fracture of thermally loaded materials. The treatise is based on extensive experimental and technological data of materials-development processes for high-temperature nuclear reactors and aerospace nuclear-rocket engines. New regularities and irregularities of fracture at various modes of local and combined thermal loading using electron-beam, induction and ionic-beam technique of heating, and also with traditional methods of measuring the thermal stress resistance are discussed. New criteria for the estimation of the bearing capacity of bodies in inhomogeneous fields of thermal and residual stresses are developed on the basis of fracture mechanics. Changes in the thermal stress resistance of carbides (ZrC, NbC, and SiC), graphite, Si3N4, Y2O3, Sc2O3 Al2O3 and single crystals of sapphire are considered. Possible technological methods for the improvement of thermal stress resistance are also presented.
Thermal properties of green polymers and biocomposites
The book includes over 370 figures concerning thermal properties of green polymers with detailed experimental conditions. It also introduces newly patented environmentally compatible green polymers. Thermal properties provided include: thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomechanometry (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). This book covers two domains: Fundamentals of thermal properties of cellulose, polysaccharides and lignin (Chapters 3 to 5) / Developments of new biocompatible polymers derived from plant materials (Chapters 6 to 8). This book is aimed at advanced users and specialists who are interested in green polymers and who utilize thermal analyses for the above polymers, especially in research laboratories, both academic and industrial."
Thermal processes using attosecond laser pulses : When time matters
Contains a study of the thermal processes initiated by attosecond laser pulses. Considering the existence of the experimental evidence for the trains of the attosecond laser pulses, we developed the theoretical framework for attophysics, i.e. physics of phenomena with time duration in the attosecond domain. This time domain is concerned with phenomena whose duration is much shorter than the relaxation time for atomic, molecular and nanoparticles scales.
Thermal Decomposition of Solids and Melts : New Thermochemical Approach to the Mechanism, Kinetics and Methodology
Thermal Decomposition of Solids and Melts describes the results of investigations into the mechanisms and kinetics involved in the thermal decomposition of solid and liquid substances via thermochemical analysis (TA). The main features of these thermal decomposition reactions are explained within and the observed anomalies are interpreted. New methods of TA measurement and calculation have been developed, which permit the precision and accuracy of determination of kinetic parameters to be increased substantially. Reliable kinetic characteristics have been obtained and the decomposition mechanisms for several substances have been interpreted.
Therapeutic Uses of Botulinum Toxin
Therapeutic Uses of Botulinum Toxin outlines and examines our current understanding of botulinum toxin and its various therapeutic applications. Each chapter focuses on a particular symptom and explains how botulinum toxin is currently used for treatment. The chapter authors are all leaders in their fields and are respected for their progressive approach to treatment. Physicians will benefit not only from those chapters devoted to their particular sub-specialty, but from the inspiring success resulting from the use of botulinum toxin in other patient populations. The concluding chapter examines questions of immunity, explores economic issues, and attempts to forecast future directions for this novel and somewhat mysterious drug. Clinicians across a wide variety of disciplines will refer to this comprehensive reference time and time again.
Therapeutic use of medicinal plants and their extracts ; Vol.2 : Phytochemistry and bioactive compounds
Starts with a general introduction to phytochemistry, followed by chapters on plant constituents, their origins and chemistry, but also discussing animal-, microorganism- and mineral-based drugs. Further chapters cover vitamins, food additives and excipients as well as xenobiotics and poisons. The book also explores the herbal approach to disease management and molecular pharmacognosy and introduces methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant constituents. Phytochemicals are classified as primary (e.g. carbohydrates, lipids, amino acid derivations, etc.) or secondary (e.g. alkaloids, terpenes and terpenoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, etc.) metabolites according to their metabolic route of origin, chemical structure and function. A wide variety of primary and secondary phytochemicals are present in medicinal plants, some of which are active phytomedicines and some of which are pharmaceutical excipients.
Therapeutic antibodies : Methods and protocols
Covers methods for studying, producing, and analyzing therapeutic antibodies, measuring their concentration, developing neutralizing antibodies for them, and for predicting and monitoring their therapeutic efficacy and clinical effects. These biologics are the fastest growing pharmaceutical drug group and have had tremendous clinical and scientific impact in cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and other immune-related diseases, making the content of this volume essential. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible methods, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.
Therapeutic Antibodies
Antibody therapeutics are the treatment of choice for several autoimmune and oncological conditions and are becoming the molecules of choice for further combination therapies and cell engineering. Current developments and clinical successes are summarised by experts in the drug development field. A must read for immunologists, clinical scientists and novel drug developers.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis – Quo vadis
This collection of current and future concepts of neovascularization offers fascinating insights into refining a powerful therapeutic tool which has not yet had the chance to live up to the expectations and needs of the medical community.
