الصفحة 2
الصفحة 2
Guidelines for the use of advanced numerical analysis
It is an authoritative guide that explains in detail the potential restrictions and pitfalls and so help engineers undertake advanced numerical analysis. It discusses the major approximations involved in nonlinear numerical analysis and describes some of the more popular constituitive models currently available and explores their strengths and weaknesses.
Guide to Effective Grant Writing : How to Write a Successful NIH Grant Application
Guide to Effective Grant Writing: How to Write a Successful NIH Grant is written to help the 100,000+ post-graduate students and professionals who need to write effective proposals for grants. There is little or no formal teaching about the process of writing grants for NIH, and many grant applications are rejected due to poor writing and weak formulation of ideas. Procuring grant funding is the central key to survival for any academic researcher in the biological sciences; thus, being able to write a proposal that effectively illustrates one's ideas is essential. Covering all aspects of the proposal process, from the most basic questions about form and style to the task of seeking funding, this volume offers clear advice backed up with excellent examples. Included are a number of specimen proposals to help shed light on the important issues surrounding the writing of proposals. The Guide is a clear, straight-forward, and reader-friendly tool.
Ground improvement and reinforced soil structures ; Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference 2020 Vol. 2
This volume comprises the select proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2020. The contents focus on recent developments in geotechnical engineering for sustainable tomorrow. The volume covers the topics related advances in ground improvement of weak foundation soils for various civil engineering projects and design/construction of reinforced soil structures with different fill materials using synthetic and natural reinforcements in different forms.
Gravity, Black Holes, and the Very Early Universe : An Introduction to General Relativity and Cosmology
In the early 1900s, Albert Einstein formulated two theories that would forever change the landscape of physics: the Special Theory of Relativity and the General Theory of Relativity. By 1925, quantum mechanics had been born out of the dissection of these two theories, and shortly after that, relativistic quantum field theory. We now had in place some important ties between the laws of physics and the types of particle interactions the new physics was uncovering. Gravity is one of the four types of forces that are found throughout the universe. In fact, although it is a relatively weak force, it operates at huge distances, and so must be accounted for in any cosmological system. Unfortunately, gravity continues to defy our neat categorization of how all the forces in nature work together.
Gravitational Lensing : Strong, Weak and Micro : Saas-Fee Advanced Course 33
The up-to-date contributions in this book are based on the lecture notes of the 33rd Saas–Fee Advanced Course of the Swiss Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics, entitled Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak, and Micro. The book comprises four complementary parts, written by leading experts in the field, constituting a genuine textbook about gravitational lensing: • Peter Schneider – Part 1: Introduction to Gravitational Lensing and Cosmology • Christopher Kochanek – Part 2: Strong Gravitational Lensing • Peter Schneider – Part 3: Weak Gravitational Lensing • Joachim Wambsganss – Part 4: Gravitational Microlensing
Governance : Systemic foundation and framework
Instead of yet another theory on good governance, this book presents a substantiation of contemporary notions. It builds on the theoretical foundations for taking an overall perspective on social contexts and culminates in a systemic framework that captures social structures based on first principles of viability and sustainability. The framework at hand enables applicants to view social contexts holistically while at the same time envisioning a rich picture of what leverages the implementation of social purposes beyond the boxes of the professional disciplines: social structures can be assessed, strengths and weaknesses identified and measures arrived at. Ultimately, the required structures can be tailor-made to align forces for a joint implementation of purposes. Conventional static hierarchies can be deployed into dynamic social organisms capable of developing and adapting continuously according to the opportunities and challenges faced.
Global investing : A practical guide to the world's best financial opportunities
Relevant information about key stock markets around the world Insights into the underlying dynamics of the world’s major global industries Fulsome discussions on how to evaluate companies within each global industry Advice on how to construct a portfolio of global stocks that will help you to build wealth and protect it during times of stock market weakness Descriptions of free and paid tools that belong on the radar of every successful global investor
Geographical Education in a Changing World : Past Experience, Current Trends and Future Challenges
The status of geography in school curricula varies across the globe. Geography, as a discrete subject, has, in some countries, established a strong position in both primary and secondary schools while in others it has a weaker position, often a component of integrated and cross-curricular arrangements. Globally, the trend is for geography's status to be challenged. A central theme of this book is the location of geography in school curricula with particular reference to centrality and marginality. A second theme relates to the subject status of geography. A third theme relates to the spirit and purpose of school geography and the traditions that underpin the subject and how these are changing. A fourth theme relates to the way geography is being seen by curriculum planners as contributing to the achievement of governmental aims for society in general. A fifth theme concerns the human and material resources infrastructure.
Fundamentals in Nuclear Physics : From Nuclear Structure to Cosmology
Explores nuclear physics and its applications ranging from the structure of nuclei and their reactions, to astrophysics and cosmology. The physics is introduced with arguments based on simple ideas such as the empirical structure of nuclear forces and its interplay with the Pauli principle and Coulomb repulsion. The book then develops elementary nuclear models and illustrates nuclear systematics with experimental data. Reactions and decays are discussed both phenomenologically and from the point of view of fundamental electro-weak interaction theory. The discussions of fission and fusion emphasize nuclear energy production. This leads directly into nuclear astrophysics and nucleosynthesis. The book ends with a presentation of the latest ideas about cosmology. As a primer this course will lay the foundations for more specialized subjects within the vast domain of nuclear physics as a whole. This book emerged from a series of topical courses the authors delivered at the Ecole Polytechnique and will be useful for advanced undergraduates and for scientists in a variety of fields.
From parity violation to hadronic structure and more : Refereed and selected contributions from Grenoble, France, June 8-11, 2004
Almost 50 years after the proposal of Lee and Young in 1956 to test the hypothesis of parity violation in weak interactions and the subsequent experimental verification of parity violation by C. S. Wu, parity violation has today become a useful property of weak interactions. This is due to the fact that the focus nowadays has changed: parity violation in weak interactions is no more a topic of investigation but is used as a tool in many different fields ranging from nuclear physics to the search for the hidden extra dimensions requested by string theory. For our first workshop which took place June 5-8, 2002, at the Institut fiir Ke- physik of the Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, we concentrated on the in vestigation of the strangeness contribution in the nucleon. This book contains the refereed and selected papers of the second workshop "From Parity Violation to Hadron Structure and more (Part II)", which took place June 8-11, in the Labo- toire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, in Grenoble. These papers appear in EPJAdirect, the electronic-only part of EPJA, and they are accessible without restrictions. They will also appear in printed form and can be ordered through Springer. The excellent presentations show the dramatic and steady progress in the accuracy of measured parity violating asymmetries over the last few years.
From Hyperbolic Systems to Kinetic Theory : A Personalized Quest
Equations of state are not always effective in continuum mechanics. Maxwell and Boltzmann created a kinetic theory of gases, using classical mechanics. How could they derive the irreversible Boltzmann equation from a reversible Hamiltonian framework? By using probabilities, which destroy physical reality! Forces at distance are non-physical as we know from Poincaré's theory of relativity. Yet Maxwell and Boltzmann only used trajectories like hyperbolas, reasonable for rarefied gases, but wrong without bound trajectories if the "mean free path between collisions" tends to 0. Tartar relies on his H-measures, a tool created for homogenization, to explain some of the weaknesses, e.g. from quantum mechanics: there are no "particles", so the Boltzmann equation and the second principle, can not apply. He examines modes used by energy, proves which equation governs each mode, and conjectures that the result will not look like the Boltzmann equation, and there will be more modes than those indexed by velocity!
Foundation models for natural language processing : pre-trained language models integrating media
Covers basic natural language processing models, pre-trained language models BERT, GPT, and sequence-to-sequence converters, as well as the concepts of self-attention and context-sensitive embedding. Various approaches to improving these models are then discussed, such as expanding the pre-training parameters, increasing the length of input texts, or incorporating additional knowledge. An overview of the best performing models is then provided for about twenty application areas, e.g., question answering, translation, story generation, dialogue systems, image generation from text, etc. For each application area, the strengths and weaknesses of existing models are discussed, and an overview of further developments is provided. In addition, links to freely available code are provided. The concluding chapter summarizes the economic opportunities, risk mitigation, and potential developments of AI.
Foundation ASP for Dreamweaver 8
Dreamweaver 8 takes a lot of the hard work out of performing tasks such as integrating a database into your website, but it can't do everything. That's why this book not only shows you how to use all of Dreamweaver's functions, but also shows you how the underlying code functions, so you can then work around Dreamweaver's shortcomings. There's no attempt to turn you into a code guru, but you'll come away with sufficient knowledge of basic ASP to have the confidence to dive into the Dreamweaver code and tweak it to your own requirements. The emphasis is exclusively on ASP, so you don't waste any time on information that's not relevant to what you want to do.
Forces, Growth and Form in Soft Condensed Matter : At the Interface between Physics and Biology
This volume comprises the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Geilo, Norway, 24 March - 3 April 2003, the seventeenth ASI in a series held every two years since 1971. The objective of this ASI was to identify and discuss areas where synergism between modern physics, soft condensed matter and biology might be most fruitful. The main pedagogical approach was to have lecturers focussing on basic understanding of important aspects of the relative role of the various interaction- electrostatic, hydrophobic, steric, conformational, van der Waals etc. Soft condensed matter and the connection between physics and biology have been the themes of several earlier Geilo Schools. A return to these subjects thus allowed a fresh look and a possibility for defining new directions for research. Examples of soft materials, which were discussed at this ASI, included colloidal dispersions, gels, biopolymers and charged polymer solutions, polyelectrolytes, protein/membrane complexes, nucleic acids and their complexes. Indeed, most forms of condensed matter are soft and these substances are composed of aggregates and macromolecules, with interactions that are too weak and complex to form crystals spontaneously. A characteristic feature is that small external forces, slight perturbations in temperature, pressure or concentration, can all be enough to induce significant structural changes. Thermal fluctuations are almost by definition strong in soft materials and entropy is a predominant determinant of structure, so that disorder, slow dynamics and plastic deformation are the rule. Hence the phrase ‘soft condensed matter’ has been coined.
Evaluating clinical research : All that glitters is not gold
The objective of this book is to make its readers better informed and more critical consumers of clinical research to help them recognize the strengths and the weaknesses of scientific publications. In doing so, the reader will be able to distinguish patient-important and methodologically sound studies from those having limitations in design, conduct and interpretation.
Dynamics of Coupled Map Lattices and of Related Spatially Extended Systems
This book is about the dynamics of coupled map lattices (CML) and of related spatially extended systems. It will be useful to post-graduate students and researchers seeking an overview of the state-of-the-art and of open problems in this area of nonlinear dynamics. The special feature of this book is that it describes the (mathematical) theory of CML and some related systems and their phenomenology, with some examples of CML modeling of concrete systems (from physics and biology). More precisely, the book deals with statistical properties of (weakly) coupled chaotic maps, geometric aspects of (chaotic) CML, monotonic spatially extended systems, and dynamical models of specific biological systems.
Distributed systems : Concurrency and consistency
Explores the gray area of distributed systems and draws a map of weak consistency criteria, identifying several families and demonstrating how these may be implemented into a programming language. Unlike their sequential counterparts, distributed systems are much more difficult to design, and are therefore prone to problems. On a large scale, usability reminiscent of sequential consistency, which would provide the same global view to all users, is very expensive or impossible to achieve.
Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Viscous Incompressible Flow
Guido Kanschat reviews several discontinuous Galerkin schemes for elliptic and viscous flow problems. Setting out from Nitsche's method for weak boundary conditions, he studies the interior penalty and LDG methods. Combined with a stable advection discretization, they yield stable DG methods for linear flow problems of Stokes and Oseen type which are applied to the Navier-Stokes problem. The author not only presents the analytical techniques used to study these methods but also devotes a major discussion to the efficient numerical solution of discrete problems.
Digital watermarking ; Vol. 3304 ; 3rd International Workshop, IWDW 2004, Seoul, Korea, October 30 - November 1, 2004, revised selected papers
We are happy to present to you the proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Digital Watermarking, IWDW 2004. Since its modern reappearance in the academic community in the early 1990s, great progress has been made in understanding both the capabilities and the weaknesses of digital watermarking. On the theoretical side, we all are now well aware of the fact that digital watermarking is best viewed as a form of communication using side information. In the case of digital watermarking the side information in question is the document to be watermarked. This insight has led to a better understanding of the limits of the capacity and robustness of digital watermarking algorithms. It has also led to new and improved watermarking algorithms, both in terms of capacity and imperceptibility. Similarly, the role of human perception, and models thereof, has been greatly enhanced in the study and design of digital watermarking algorithms and systems. On the practical side, applications of watermarking are not yet abundant. The original euphoria on the role of digital watermarking in copy protection and copyright protection has not resulted in widespread use in practical systems. With hindsight, a number of reasons can be given for this lack of practical applications.
Designing sustainable and resilient cities : Small interventions for stronger urban food-water-energy management
Explores the link between the food-water-energy nexus and sustainability, and the extraordinary value that small tweaks to this nexus can achieve for more resilient cities and communities. Using data from Urban Living Labs in six participating cities (Eindhoven, Gdansk, Miami, Southend-on-Sea, Taipei and Uppsala) to co-define context-specific challenges, the results from each city are collated into an Integrated Decision Support System to guide and improve robust decision making on future urban development. The book presents contributions from CRUNCH, a transdisciplinary team of scholars and practitioners whose expertise spans urban climate modelling; food, water and energy management; the design of resilient public space; collecting better urban data; and the development of smart city technology. Whilst previous works on the food-water-energy nexus have focused on large, transnational cases, this book explores local ways to use the food-water-energy nexus to improve urban resilience.
