الصفحة 2
الصفحة 2
Neutron Spin Echo in Polymer Systems
Neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE) provides the unique opportunity to unravel the molecular dynamics of polymer chains in space and time, covering most of the relevant length and time scales. This article reviews in a comprehensive form recent advances in the application of NSE to problems in polymer physics and describes in terms of examples expected future trends. The review commences with a description of NSE covering both the generic longitudinal field set-up as well as the resonance technique. Then, NSE results for homopolymers chains are presented, covering all length scales from the very local secondary J3-relaxation to large scale reptation. This overview is the core of the review. Thereafter the dynamics of more complex systems is addressed. Starting from polymer blends, diblock copolymers, gels, micelles, stars and dendrirners, rubbery electrolytes and biological macromolecules are discussed. Wherever possible the review relates the NSE findings to the results of other techniques, in particular emphasizing computer simulations.
Neurotransmitter Transporters
The present volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology gives a representative survey of the current status of the structure, function, regulation and molecular pharmacology of Neurotransmitter Transporters and aims at providing an overview of insights that were generated in the past 5 years. If the volume serves as both, a useful compendium of current concepts and an inspiring starting point, it will have fulfilled its mission and will be a source for students interested in this emerging field as well as for experienced scientists looking for an update. This volume is the brainchild of the editor-in-chief of the HEP series, Klaus Starke, awe-inspiring to all pharmacologists of younger generations.
Neuroscience in Medicine
This up-to-date edition alternates scientific and clinical chapters that explain the basic science underlying neurological processes and then relates that science to the understanding of neurological disorders and their treatment.
Neuromuscular Disease : Evidence and Analysis in Clinical Neurology
Through a series of questions and answers concerning specific neuromuscular disorders, each chapter critiques the best available evidence to illustrate strengths and weaknesses of the data and make the reader aware of the quality of clinical research studies in general. Introductory chapters facilitate this learning process by elucidating the epidemiological and biostatistical issues pertinent to diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. A broad range of disorders of the anterior horn cell, nerve roots, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, and muscle are critically appraised and discussed.
Neuroactive Steroids in Brain Function, Behavior and Neuropsychiatric Disorders : Novel Strategies for Research and Treatment
Over the past few decades the involvement of neurosteroids in brain function and mental health has attracted much interest, not only from a neuroscience perspective, but also from clinical and therapeutic aspects. In recent years, much of the research has focused on the multifunctional position of neurosteroids in the nervous system. The areas that have been explored, in particular, are the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the activity of neurosteroids in the brain, the role of neurosteroids in brain development, neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity, and their pharmacological properties. The large increase in the number of publications highlights this amplified interest in neurosteroids. Over the last 7 years at least 400 papers have been published describing the putative role of neurosteroids in the modulation of basic brain function and in the etiology and treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Networks and Geographies of Global Social Policy Diffusion : Culture, Economy, and Colonial Legacies
This book analyses the global diffusion of social policy as a process driven by multiplex ties between countries in global social networks. The contributions analyze links between countries via global trade, colonial history, similarity in culture, and spatial proximity. Networks are viewed as the structural backbone of the diffusion process, and diffusion is anlaysed via several subfields of social policy, in order to interrogate which network dimensions drive this process.
Network Security, Firewalls, and VPNs ; 3rd ed.
Provides a unique, in-depth look at the major business challenges and threats that are introduced when an organization’s network is connected to the public Internet. Written by industry experts, this book provides a comprehensive explanation of network security basics, including how hackers access online networks and the use of Firewalls and VPNs to provide security countermeasures. Using examples and exercises, this book incorporates hands-on activities to prepare the reader to disarm threats and prepare for emerging technologies and future attacks.
Natural computing in computational finance
Natural Computing in Computational Finance is a innovative volume containing fifteen chapters which illustrate cutting-edge applications of natural computing or agent-based modeling in modern computational finance.
Nanotechnologies, Hazards and Resource Efficiency : A Three-Tiered Approach to Assessing the Implications of Nanotechnology and Influencing its Development
Nanotechnology is frequently described as an enabling technology and 1 fundamental innovation, i.e. it is expected to lead to numerous innovative developments in the most diverse fields of technology and areas of app- cation in society and the marketplace. The technology, it is believed, has the potential for far-reaching changes that will eventually affect all areas of life. Such changes will doubtlessly have strong repercussions for society and the environment and bring with them not only the desired and intended effects such as innovations in the form of improvements to products, pr- esses and materials; economic growth; new jobs for skilled workers; relief for the environment; and further steps toward sustainable business, but also unexpected and undesirable side effects and consequences.
Nanomaterials for Application in Medicine and Biology
This volume contains research reports presented during the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) “Materials for Application in Medicine and Biology” held in Bonn, Germany, from October 4 to 6, 2006 at the center of advanced european studies and research (caesar). The application of nanomaterials in medicine and biology can be understood as the gathering and use of our current knowledge on nanoscale features of b- logical systems in order to learn how to design nanodevices for biomedical uses.
Multiscale Dissipative Mechanisms and Hierarchical Surfaces : Friction, Superhydrophobicity, and Biomimetics
Multiscale Dissipative Mechanisms and Hierarchical Surfaces covers the rapidly developing topics of hierarchical surfaces, roughness-induced superhydrophobicity and biomimetic surfaces. The research in these topics has been progressing rapidly in the recent years due to the advances in the nanosciences and surfaces science and due to potential applications in nanotechnology. The first in its field, this monograph provides a comprehensive review of these subject and presents the background introduction as well as recent and new results in the area.
Multinational Enterprises, Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in Africa : South African Perspectives
How can Africa, the world’s most lagging region, benefit from globalisation and achieve sustained economic growth? Africa needs greater investment by Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) to improve competitiveness and generate more growth through positive spill-over effects. Despite the fact that Africa’s returns on investment averaged 29% since 1990, Africa has gained merely 1% of global Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows. The challenge for African countries is how to be a more desirable destination for FDI. The study integrates three currents of economic research, namely from the literature on (endogenous) economic growth, convergence and regional integration, the explanations for Africa’s poor growth and the growing understanding of the role of MNEs in a global economy. The empirical side of the book is based on an econometric study of the determinants of FDI in Africa as well as a detailed firm-level survey conducted in 2000.
Multimodality in architecture : Collaboration, technology and education
Examines multimodality in architecture and its impacts on collaborative, technical and educational processes or systems. Multimodality is becoming increasingly critical in contemporary architectural practice and education. Creative design teams face new challenges when they embrace new modes of communication, technology, and knowledge development processes. From diverse online modes of communication to shared digital environments, generative AI and advanced hardware solutions, new modes of information creation, sharing, and application are changing the ways architects and designers work. The book presents new research which empowers international researchers and designers to work more effectively in a diverse range of digital environments. Whether the readers are architects, teachers, students, or scholars, this book provides critical insights and practical tools for understanding and optimising processes in architecture and design.
Multimodal Video Characterization and Summarization
Multimodal Video Characterization and Summarization is a valuable research tool for both professionals and academicians working in the video field. This book describes the methodology for using multimodal audio, image, and text technology to characterize video content. This new and groundbreaking science has led to many advances in video understanding, such as the development of a video summary. Applications and methodology for creating video summaries are described, as well as user-studies for evaluation and testing.
Multimedia Semantics : The Role of Metadata
This book gives an overview on fundamental issues within the field of multimedia metadata focusing on contextualized, ubiquitous, accessible and interoperable services on a higher semantic level. The book in hand provides a selection of basic articles being a base for multimedia metadata research. Furthermore it presents a view on the current state of the art in multimedia metadata research.
Multimedia Cartography
The various sections of this book cover the theoretical backgrounds, applications and future developments of Multimedia Cartography. This second edition of Multimedia Cartography includes updated applications areas that are Internet-focussed. Since the release of Edition 1 in 1999 the focus of the delivery of Multimedia Cartography applications now includes the World Wide Web and mobile services, as well as discrete media. New chapters in the book reflect this. As well, the book includes additional chapters on 3D applications and Virtual Reality applications.
Multi-Agent Systems and Applications IV ; 4th International Central and Eastern European Conference on Multi-Agent Systems, CEEMAS 2005, Budapest, Hungary, September 15-17, 2005, Proceedings
In the very competitive field of agent oriented conferences and workshops nowadays (such as AAMAS, WI/IAT, EUMAS, CIA, MATES) the special profile of CEEMAS is that it is trying to bridge the gap between applied research achievements and theoretical research activities. Our ambition is to provide a forum for presenting theoretical research with an evident application potential, implemented application prototypes and their properties, as well as industrial case studies of successful (but also unsuccessful) agent technology deployments. This is why the CEEMAS proceedings volume provides a collection of research and application papers. The technical research paper section of the proceedings (see pages 11–499) contains pure research papers as well as research results in application settings while the application papers section (see pages 500–530) contains papers focused on application aspects. The goal is to demonstrate the real life value and commercial reality of multi-agent systems as well as to foster communication between academia and industry in this field.
Multi-Agent Systems and Applications ; 9th ECCAI Advanced Course ACAI 2001 and Agent Link's 3rd European Agent Systems Summer School, EASSS 2001, Prague, Czech Republic, July 2-13, 2001. Selected Tutorial Papers
The Advanced Course on Artificial Intelligence ACAI 2001 with the subtitle M ulti- Agent Systems and Their Applications , held in Prague, Czech Republic, was a joint event of ECCAI (the European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence) and AgentLink, the European Network of Excellence for Agent-Based Computing. Whereas ECCAI organizes two-week ACAI courses on different topics every second year, AgentLink s European Agent Systems Summer School (EASSS) has been an annual event since 1999. This year, both of these important events were merged together, giving weight to the fact that multi-agent systems currently represent one of the hottest topics in AI research. The name, ACAI 2001 Summer School, is intended to emphasize that this event continues the tradition of regular ECCAI activities (ACAI), as well as the EASSS summer schools of AgentLink.
MRI Atlas Orthopedics and Neurosurgery The Spine
This MRI atlas of the spine is the fruit of interdisciplinary cooperation among radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, traumatologists, and neurosurgeons. It is a clinically oriented atlas that covers all important diseases and injuries of the spine. Ample illustrations are supplemented by concise descriptions of anatomy and pathophysiology, the normal and abnormal MRI appearance, diagnostic pitfalls, and the clinical significance of MRI. The clear and didactic style enables readers to revise the fundamentals of spinal anatomy and disease states as a basis for understanding the diagnostic strategies and surgical management.
Move : Architecture in Motion - Dynamic Components and Elements
Dynamic components and adaptive elements are becoming increasingly important in contemporary architecture, and not just because of their visual effect. If architects and engineers are engaging more and more with the issue of movement – whether in the form of sun-tracking solar cells, lowerable walls, or intelligently programmed elevators – it’s because they are busy exploring responses to three challenges: How can we control and reduce the energy requirement of buildings? How can we expand the range of possible uses? And how can we represent, illustrate, accommodate, and control dynamic movements in buildings?
