الصفحة 2
الصفحة 2
Intelligent Algorithms for Packing and Cutting Problem
Introduces intelligent solving algorithms for classical packing and cutting problem and their variants / Investigates novel methods, e.g. reinforcement learning algorithms, for rectangular and irregular packing problems / Presents practical engineering application cases in combination of theory and practice / investigates in detail the two-dimensional packing and cutting problems in the field of operations research and management science. It introduces the mathematical models and intelligent solving algorithms for these problems, as well as their engineering applications. Most intelligent methods reported in this book have already been applied in reality, which can provide reference for the engineers. The presented novel methods for the two-dimensional packing problem provide a new way to solve the problem for researchers interested in operations research or computer science. This book also introduces three new variants of packing problems and their solving methods, which offer a different research direction.
Ingle's endodontics 7
Known as the “Bible of Endodontics” for half a century. It continues the tradition of including an international group of authors, contributing new cutting-edge knowledge and updates on topics that have formed the core of this book for years and also contributing new chapters that reflect the ways in which the field has evolved over the 50 years since its inception. include: Periradicular disease Dental innervations and pain of pulpal origin Cone beam computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Preparation for endodontic treatment Endodontic therapy in teeth with anatomical variations Achieving long-term success with endodontic therapy Management of teeth with immature apices Regenerative endodontics Intentional replantation of endodontically treated teeth Endodontic therapy in the elderly patient Endodontic therapy in the pediatric patient
Imaging in Pediatric Dental Practice : A Guide to Equipment, Techniques and Clinical Considerations
This book is a comprehensive guide to dentomaxillofacial imaging in paediatric dentistry and is an excellent resource for both general dental practitioners and paediatric dentists.
IFAE 2007 ; Incontri di Fisica delle Alte Energie = Italian Meeting on High Energy Physics Napoli, 11–13 April 2007
This book collects the Proceedings of the Workshop "Incontri di Fisica delle Alte Energie (IFAE) 2007, Napoli, 11-13 April 2007". This is the sixth edition of a series of meetings on fundamental research in particle physics and was attended by about 160 researchers. Presentations, both theoretical and experimental, addressed the status of Physics of the Standard Model and beyond, Flavour phyisc, Neutrino and Astroparticle physics, new technology in high energy physics. Special emphasis was given to the expectations of the forthcoming Large Hadron Collider, due in operation at the end of 2007.
How structures work : Design and behaviour from bridges to buildings ; 2nd ed.
How the building behaves when subjected to various forces – the weight of the materials used to build it, the weight of the occupants or the traffic it carries, the force of the wind etc – is fundamental to its stability. The alliance between architecture and structural engineering is therefore critical to the successful design and completion of the buildings and infrastructure that surrounds us. Yet structure is often cloaked in mathematics which many architects and surveyors find difficult to understand.
High Energy Polarized Proton Beams : A Modern View
This monograph begins with a review of the basic equations of spin motion in particle accelerators. It then reviews how polarized protons can be accelerated to several tens of GeV using as examples the preaccelerators of HERA, a 6.3 km long cyclic accelerator at DESY / Hamburg. Such techniques have already been used at the AGS of BNL / New York, to accelerate polarized protons to 25 GeV. But for acceleration to energies of several hundred GeV as in RHIC, TEVATRON, HERA, LHC, or a VLHC, new problems can occur which can lead to a significantly diminished beam polarization. For these high energies, it is necessary to look in more detail at the spin motion, and for that the invariant spin field has proved to be a useful tool. This is already widely used for the description of high-energy electron beams that become polarized by the emission of spin-flip synchrotron radiation. It is shown that this field gives rise to an adiabatic invariant of spin-orbit motion and that it defines the maximum time average polarization available to a particle physics experiment.
Handbook of microscopy for nanotechnology
Handbook of Microscopy for Nanotechnology aims to provide an overview of the basics and applications of various microscopy techniques for nanotechnology. This handbook highlights various key microcopic techniques and their applications in this fast-growing field. Topics to be covered include the following: scanning near field optical microscopy, confocal optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, scanning turning microscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, orientational imaging microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, environmental transmission electron microscopy, quantitative electron diffraction, Lorentz microscopy, electron holography, 3-D transmission electron microscopy, high-spatial resolution quantitative microanalysis, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and spectral imaging, focused ion beam, secondary ion microscopy, and field ion microscopy.
Guided Endodontics
This superbly illustrated book provides a comprehensive overview of guided endodontics, a technology-driven treatment approach that represents a paradigm shift in endodontic therapy and offers predictable solutions in cases of partial or complete root canal calcification and root end surgeries.
Geophysics of the Canary Islands : Results of Spain's Exclusive Economic Zone Program
This book contains the results of a 9 year (1995-2004) investigation of the Canary Islands Exclusive Economic Zone, using state of the art technology. The main result areas are: a multibeam survey demonstrating the magnitude of catastrophic failures of the Canary Islands; a comparison of the morphology of the Canary Islands with Hawaii; the significance of hydrothermal activity in the Canary Channel associated with Mesozoic salt diapirs; an analysis of the morphology and structure of the offshore extension of the Anaga massif in Tenerife island; a detailed description of the archipelago gravity field and magnetic field of the Canary Islands
Fundamentals of Structural Dynamics : Theory and Computation
Emphasizes numerical methods, nonlinear response of structures, and the analysis of continuous systems (e.g., wave propagation). Fundamentals of Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation builds the theory of structural dynamics from simple single-degree-of-freedom systems through complex nonlinear beams and frames in a consistent theoretical context supported by an extensive set of MATLAB codes that not only illustrate and support the principles, but provide powerful tools for exploration. The book is designed for students learning structural dynamics for the first time but also serves as a reference for professionals throughout their careers.
Fundamentals of Structural Dynamics
Explains foundational concepts and principles surrounding the theory of vibrations and gives equations of motion for complex systems. The book presents classical vibration theory in a clear and systematic way, detailing original work on vehicle-bridge interactions and wind effects on bridges. Chapters give an overview of structural vibrations, including how to formulate equations of motion, vibration analysis of a single-degree-of-freedom system, a multi-degree-of-freedom system, and a continuous system, the approximate calculation of natural frequencies and modal shapes, and step-by-step integration methods. Each chapter includes extensive practical examples and problems.
Fundamentals of nanoscale film analysis
The book describes the fundamentals of materials characterization from the standpoint of the incident photons or particles which interrogate nanoscale structures. These induced reactions lead to the emission of a variety of detected of particles and photons. It is the energy and intensity of the detected beams that is the basis of the characterization of the materials. The array of experimental techniques used in nanoscale materials analysis covers a wide range of incident particle and detected beam interactions.
From Cells to Proteins : Imaging Nature across Dimensions ; Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Pisa, Italy, 12-23 September 2004
This book offers updated information on how much information we are able to obtain in the exploration of the inner details of biological specimens in their native structure and composition. And deals with the implementation of laser beam and stage scanning systems incorporating confocal optics or multiphoton microscopy; the advent of new electro-optical detectors with great sensitivity, linearity, and dynamic range; the possibility of 2D fast image enhancement, reconstruction, restoration, analysis and 3D display, and the application of luminescence techniques.
Finite Elements in Structural Analysis : Theoretical Concepts and Modeling Procedures in Statics and Dynamics of Structures
Introduces the basic concepts of the finite element method in the static and dynamic analysis of beam, plate, shell and solid structures, discussing how the method works, the characteristics of a finite element approximation and how to avoid the pitfalls of finite element modeling. Presenting the finite element theory as simply as possible, the book allows readers to gain the knowledge required when applying powerful FEA software tools. Further, it describes modeling procedures, especially for reinforced concrete structures, as well as structural dynamics methods, with a particular focus on the seismic analysis of buildings, and explores the modeling of dynamic systems. Featuring numerous illustrative examples, the book allows readers to easily grasp the fundamentals of the finite element theory and to apply the finite element method proficiently.
Finite Element Methods in Civil and Mechanical Engineering : A Mathematical Introduction
The finite element method is widely employed for numerical simulations in engineering and science due to its accuracy and efficiency. This concise introduction to the mathematical theory of the finite element method presents a selection of applications in civil and mechanical engineering including beams, elastic membranes, the wave equation, heat transfer, seepage in embankment, soil consolidation, incompressible fluids, and linear elasticity.
Fault Diagnosis and Tolerance in Cryptography ; 3rd International Workshop, FDTC 2006, Yokohama, Japan, October 10, 2006, Proceedings
The sophistication of the underlying cryptographic algorithms, the high complexity of the implementations, and the easy access and low cost of cryptographic devices resulted in increased concerns regarding the reliability and security of crypto-devices. The effectiveness of side channel attacks on cryptographic devices, like timing and power-based attacks, has been known for some time. Several recent investigations have demonstrated the need to develop methodologies and techniques for designing robust cryptographic systems (both hardware and software) to protect them against both accidental faults and maliciously injected faults with the purpose of extracting the secret key. This trend has been particularly motivated by the fact that the equipment needed to carry out a successful side channel attack based on fault injection is easily accessible at a relatively low cost (for example, laser beam technology), and that the skills needed to use it are quite common.
Examples in Structural Analysis
This code-independent and comprehensive collection of fully worked and graded examples shows undergraduates how to analyse different types of structure, with the main analysis techniques, with some detailed mathematics. Now with pin-jointed frames and arches and cables, with more on the direct stiffness method and influence lines for beams.
Essentials of mechanical stress analysis
Essentials of Mechanical Stress Analysis, updated for the second edition, covers stress analysis from an interdisciplinary perspective. Discussing techniques and theories essential to analysing structures, the book covers both analytical and numerical approaches. Also covering beams, plates, columns and elastic instability, the book discusses fatigue, life cycle, energy methods and MathCAD sample code.
Environments for Multi-Agent Systems ; 1st International Workshop, E4MAS, 2004, New York, NY, July 19, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
The modern ?eld of multiagent systems has developed from two main lines of earlier research. Its practitioners generally regard it as a form of arti?cial intelligence (AI). Some of its earliest work was reported in a series of workshops in the US dating from1980,revealinglyentitled,“DistributedArti?cialIntelligence,”andpioneers often quoted a statement attributed to Nils Nilsson that “all AI is distributed. ” The locus of classical AI was what happens in the head of a single agent, and much MAS research re?ects this heritage with its emphasis on detailed modeling of the mental state and processes of individual agents. From this perspective, intelligenceisultimatelythepurviewofasinglemind,thoughitcanbeampli?ed by appropriate interactions with other minds. These interactions are typically mediated by structured protocols of various sorts, modeled on human conver- tional behavior. But the modern ?eld of MAS was not born of a single parent. A few - searchershavepersistentlyadvocatedideasfromthe?eldofarti?ciallife(ALife). These scientists were impressed by the complex adaptive behaviors of commu- ties of animals (often extremely simple animals, such as insects or even micro- ganisms). The computational models on which they drew were often created by biologists who used them not to solve practical engineering problems but to test their hypotheses about the mechanisms used by natural systems. In the ar- ?cial life model, intelligence need not reside in a single agent, but emerges at the level of the community from the nonlinear interactions among agents. - cause the individual agents are often subcognitive, their interactions cannot be modeled by protocols that presume linguistic competence.
Engineering mechanics 2 : Strength of materials : An introduction with many examples
Provides students with a clear introduction and to enable them to formulate and solve engineering problems in this field. For this purpose, the book provides a number of examples. The Contents : Introduction to linear elasticity – Plane stress state – Bars – Beams – Beam deflections – Shear stresses in beams – Torsion – Energy methods – Buckling of bars
