الصفحة 174
الصفحة 174
Alla ricerca della via più breve : Un'avventura matematica = Finding the shortest way : A mathematical adventure
Il libro narra la vicenda di Rut, quindicenne, trasferitasi da poco in Germania con la famiglia, al seguito del padre che lavora per un’azienda internazionale produttrice di Software. Sarà proprio il padre a regalare a Rut un computer nuovo, mentre a scuola attraversa un periodo di crisi.E’ l’inizio di un’avventura. Nel computer è installato Vim: un programma che ascolta, capisce e risponde alle domande che la ragazza, inizialmente incredula, fa. Raccontata da Vim, la matematica prende una forma completamente nuova, sorprendente e affascinante.
Alkaliphiles : Genetic properties and applications of enzymes
The pioneering work of Dr. Koki Horikoshi on the discovery, research and applications of alkaliphilic bacteria are described here in their entirety. The isolation, distribution and taxonomy of alkaliphilic microorganisms as well as their cell structure and physiology are discussed for a basic understanding of these entities. The molecular biology and genome sequencing of some alkaliphilic bacterial strains are also presented. Part II of the volume focuses on enzymes of alkaliphiles and their applications. These include alkaline proteases, starch-degrading enzymes and numerous others. Some of these enzymes are currently in wide commercial use as laundry detergent additives and in wastewater treatment. Alkaliphiles are a relatively recent field of research that will no doubt provide avenues to a wide range of further discoveries and applications for a new generation of workers in bioscience and technology.
Aligner systems in invisible orthodontics: basic concepts and clinical management
Describes the processes, techniques and biomechanics involved in providing aligner treatment for different types of malocclusions. It opens with an overview of the material characteristics and the basic concepts of aligner therapy including topics like biocompatibility and intraoral deterioration. The main part of the book is dedicated to the various types of aligners, the methods used in their application and the practical aspects of delivery. It is structured based on the type of malocclusion being managed giving the reader a systematic pattern and a practical way of progressing through the book. The book closes with a discussion of the scientific data available.
Alicyclobacillus : Thermophilic Acidophilic Bacilli
Soft drinks with pHs lower than 4. 0 are subjected to minimum pasteuri- tion at 65 °C for 10 min as required by the Japanese Food Sanitation Law. Not only pathogenic bacteria but most spore-forming bacteria are unable to grow at this low pH condition, and thus reports of microbial spoilage in pasteurized acidic soft drinks are rare. Since 1982, when the spoilage of aseptically packed apple juice was - tributed to a new type of acidophilic spore-forming bacteria in Germany, a succession of similar complaints regarding other fruit juice concentrates and their products has been received. In the beginning, the bacteria were classified in the genus Bacillus, but later, in 1992, the new genus Ali- clobacillus was proposed owing to their characteristic cellular membranes containing omega-alicyclic fatty acids. A group of Alicyclobacillus strains, responsible for the tainting of fruit juices, was then described as A. a- doterrestris in 1999. They are acidophilic and grow preferably at around pH 4. 0. They are thermophilic and grow better at temperatures above 40 °C. This indicates that we might have been missing them by our or- nary methods of bacterial detection at pH 7. 0 and 35 °C.
Algorithms in Bioinformatics ; Vol. 3692 ; 5th international workshop, WABI 2005, Mallorca, Spain, October 3-6, 2005, Proceedings
this book present the proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Algorithmsin Bioinformatics (WABI 2005) which took place in Spain, 2005. The Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics highlights research workspecifically developed to address algorithmic problems in biosequence analysis. The emphasis is therefore on statistical and probabilistic algorithms that addressimportant problems in the field of molecular and structural biology. the workshop aims to present recent research results, includingsignificant work in progress, and to identify and explore directions of futureresearch.Original research papers (including significant work in progress) or state-of-the-art surveys were solicited on all aspects of algorithms in bioinformatics,including, but not limited to: exact and approximate algorithms for genomics,genetics, sequence analysis, gene and signal recognition, alignment, molecularevolution, phylogenetics, structure determination or prediction, gene expressionand gene networks, proteomics, functional genomics, and drug design.
Algorithms in Bioinformatics : Theory and Implementation
Explores a comprehensive and insightful treatment of the practical application of bioinformatic algorithms in a variety of fields. Delivers a fulsome treatment of some of the main algorithms used to explain biological functions and relationships. It introduces readers to the art of algorithms in a practical manner which is linked with biological theory and interpretation. The book covers many key areas of bioinformatics, including global and local sequence alignment, forced alignment, detection of motifs, Sequence logos, Markov chains or information entropy. Other novel approaches are also described, such as Self-Sequence alignment, Objective Digital Stains (ODSs) or Spectral Forecast and the Discrete Probability Detector (DPD) algorithm. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A detailed presentation of new methods, such as Self-sequence alignment, Objective Digital Stains and Spectral Forecast ; A treatment of sequence alignment, including local sequence alignment, global sequence alignment and forced sequence alignment with full implementations ; Discussions of position-specific weight matrices, including the count, weight, relative frequencies, and log-likelihoods matrices ; A detailed presentation of the methods related to Markov Chains as well as a description of their implementation in Bioinformatics and adjacent fields ; An examination of information and entropy, including sequence logos and explanations related to their meaning ; A chapter on philosophical transactions that allows the reader a broader view of the prediction process ; Extensive worked examples with detailed case studies that point out the meaning of different results
Algorithmic learning theory ; Vol.4264 : 17th International Conference, ALT 2006, Barcelona, Spain, October 7-10, 2006, Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, ALT 2006, held in Barcelona, Spain in October 2006, colocated with the 9th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2006.The 24 revised full papers presented together with the abstracts of five invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 53 submissions. The papers are dedicated to the theoretical foundations of machine learning.
Algorithmic Learning in a Random World
This new monograph integrates mathematical theory and revealing experimental work. It demonstrates mathematically the validity of the reliability claimed by conformal predictors when they are applied to independent and identically distributed data, and it confirms experimentally that the accuracy is sufficient for many practical problems. Later chapters generalize these results to models called repetitive structures, which originate in the algorithmic theory of randomness and statistical physics. The approach is flexible enough to incorporate most existing methods of machine learning, including newer methods such as boosting and support vector machines and older methods such as nearest neighbors and the bootstrap.
Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics VI
Robot algorithms are abstractions of computational processes that control or reason about motion and perception in the physical world. Because actions in the physical world are subject to physical laws and geometric constraints, the design and analysis of robot algorithms raises a unique combination of questions in control theory, computational and differential geometry, and computer science. Algorithms serve as a unifying theme in the multi-disciplinary field of robotics. This volume consists of selected contributions to the sixth Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics. This is a highly competitive meeting of experts in the field of algorithmic issues related to robotics and automation.
Algorithmic Foundation of Robotics VII : Selected Contributions of the 7th International Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics
This book contains the proceedings from the 2006 Workshop on the Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics. The 32 papers in this book span a wide variety of topics: from fundamental motion planning algorithms to applications in medicine and biology, but they have in common a foundation in the algorithmic problems of robotic systems.
Algorithmic Aspects of Bioinformatics
Advances in bioinformatics and systems biology require improved computational methods for analyzing data, while progress in molecular biology is in turn influencing the development of computer science methods. This book introduces some key problems in bioinformatics, discusses the models used to formally describe these problems, and analyzes the algorithmic approaches used to solve them. After introducing the basics of molecular biology and algorithmics, Part I explains string algorithms and alignments; Part II details the field of physical mapping and DNA sequencing; and Part III examines the application of algorithmics to the analysis of biological data. Exciting application examples include predicting the spatial structure of proteins, and computing haplotypes from genotype data. This book describes topics in detail and presents formal models in a mathematically precise, yet intuitive manner, with many figures and chapter summaries, detailed derivations, and examples. It is well suited as an introduction into the field of bioinformatics, and will benefit students and lecturers in bioinformatics and algorithmics, while also offering practitioners an update on current research topics.
Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory : In Honor of Vladimir Drinfeld's 50th Birthday
One of the most creative mathematicians of our times, Vladimir Drinfeld received the Fields Medal in 1990 for his groundbreaking contributions to the Langlands program and to the theory of quantum groups.These ten original articles by prominent mathematicians, dedicated to Drinfeld on the occasion of his 50th birthday, broadly reflect the range of Drinfeld's own interests in algebra, algebraic geometry, and number theory.
Algebraic and Proof-theoretic Aspects of Non-classical Logics : Papers in Honor of Daniele Mundici on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday
It profound connections between logic and such diverse fields of research as functional analysis, probability and measure theory, the geometry of toric varieties, piecewise linear geometry, and error-correcting codes. Several prominent logicians, mathematicians, and computer scientists
Algebra, Meaning, and Computation ; Essays dedicated to Joseph A. Goguen on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday
This Festschrift volume - published to honor Joseph Goguen on his 65th Birthday on June 28, 2006 - includes 32 refereed papers by leading researchers in the different areas spanned by Joseph Goguen's work. The papers address a broad variety of topics from meaning, meta-logic, specification and composition, behavior and formal languages, as well as models, deduction, and computation.The papers were presented at a Symposium in San Diego, California, USA in June 2006.
Algebra 3 : Homological Algebra and Its Applications
Includes algebra, deals with important topics in homological algebra, including abstract theory of derived functors, sheaf co-homology, and an introduction to etale and l-adic co-homology. It contains four chapters which discuss homology theory in an abelian category together with some important and fundamental applications in geometry, topology, algebraic geometry (including basics in abstract algebraic geometry), and group theory.
Algal Toxins : Nature, Occurrence, Effect and Detection
This volume contains the lectures and seminars given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Sensor Systems for Biological Threads: The Algal Toxins Case”, held in Pisa, Italy in October, 2007. Algae can form heavy growths in ponds, lakes, reservoirs and sl- moving rivers throughout the world; algae can house toxins which are - ually released into water when the cells rupture or die. Hundreds of toxins have been identified so far. Detection methods, including rapid screening, have been developed to help us learning more about them, especially to find out which toxins are a real threat for people and what conditions encourage their production and accumulation. Early detection of algal toxins is an - portant aspect for public safety and natural environment, and significant efforts are underway to develop effective and reliable tools that can be used for this purpose.
Algal Chemical Ecology
This is the first ever book devoted entirely to the chemical ecology of algae. Algae from both marine and freshwater habitats are covered, as are macroalgae (seaweeds) and microalgae (including phytoplankton). While its main emphasis is on the ecological rather than chemical aspects of the field, the book also includes a unique introductory chapter intended as a primer on algal natural products chemistry for ecologists. It elucidates the roles of chemical defenses in various regions and habitats, of DMSP, oxidative burst responses, and herbivore offense. Topics such as algal sensory chemical ecology and defenses against ultraviolet radiation are also treated, and an introduction to the chemical ecology of phytoplankton is provided.
Algae and Cyanobacteria in Extreme Environments
ALGAE AND CYANOBACTRIA IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS is a unique collection of essays, contributed by leading scientists from around the world, devoted to algae – and some related microbes – observed in unexpected harsh habits, which it seems are an oasis or Garden of Eden for these organisms. This timely book on Extremophilic alga, including its especially impressive micrographs, may provide clues about the edges of life on Earth and possibly elsewhere in the universe. This volume is a must for students of the field of biodiversity, as well as those in Phycology, ecology and general biological research.
AJCC Cancer Staging Atlas : AJCC Cancer Staging Illustrations in PowerPoint® From the AJCC Cancer Staging Atlas
The AJCC Cancer Staging Atlas contains black-and-white illustrations, created exclusively for the book, depicting the anatomic extent of disease for tumor (T), regional lymph node (N), and distant metastasis (M). The images provide thorough anatomic depictions to clarify critical structures and allow the reader to instantly visualize the progressive extent of malignant disease. Numerous labels identify important anatomic structures.
AJCC Atlante per la stadiazione dei tumori maligni = Atlas for the Staging of Malignant Tumors
he atlas contains over 400 specially created black and white illustrations describing the anatomical extent of the malignant tumor in the primary site (T), regional lymph nodes (N) and distant metastases (M) for various sites, including the head and neck area, the digestive system, the thorax, the musculoskeletal system, the soft tissues, the breast, the urinary system and the genital system. Each illustration provides precise and detailed descriptions designed to clarify the crucial anatomical structures and to provide the reader with an immediate view of the progressive extension of the disease. The most important anatomical structures are identified by specific definitions.
