الصفحة 17
الصفحة 17
Growth, Trade and Economic Institutions
Endogenous growth is examined from the viewpoint of economic history, institutions and international trade. The main results are the following. The variance in institutional quality can be explained by historical differences in biogeographical potential for early agriculture. The expansion of output can lead to dis-agglomeration. The patterns of growth are sensitive to the technology parameters of the capital-good industry. With capital intensive industries, the balanced growth path can exhibit local indeterminacy. Economies integrate, if the productivity of R&D does not vary too much for them. Other aspects examined are the equilibrium of a dynamic multi-sector economy, the political economy of employment protection and the relationship between technological change and the demand for skill-intensive activities.
Growth, Differentiation and Sexuality
Since publication of the first edition of Volume I in 1994, the field of fungal biology has developed tremendously, mainly through the advancement of various molecular techniques and international fungal genome projects. To accommodate these developments, the second edition has been completely updated. Six chapters have been revised by former authors, others by newly recruited experts, and also novel subjects, emerged in more recent years, have been added to the book. Leading scientists in the field have compiled comprehensive overviews as well as latest results obtained from cytological, genetic and molecular studies. Topics include: cellular and colony growth of fungi, cellular fusion and incompatibility, senescence and programmed cell death, environmental and physiological signalling in differentiation processes, asexual and sexual reproduction, mitosis and meiosis of various types of fungi. Both parallels and differences become visible between individual fungi as well as between fungal classes.
Growth Dynamics of Conifer Tree Rings : Images of Past and Future Environments
Each tree ring contains an image of the time when the ring formed, projected onto the ring's size, structure, and composition. Tree rings thus are natural archives of past environments, and contain records of past climate. While dendrochronologists have investigated the impact of climate on tree-ring growth by empirical–statistical methods, this volume presents a process-based model complementing previous approaches. Basic ideas concerning the biology of tree-ring growth and its control by environmental factors are treated, especially for conifers. The use of the model is illustrated by means of several examples from widely differing environments, and possible future directions for model development and application are discussed. The volume provides an improved mechanistic basis for the interpretation of tree rings as records of past climate. It advances process understanding of the large-scale environmental control of wood growth. As forests are the main carbon sink on land, the results are of great importance for all global change studies.
Growing Black Holes: Accretion in a Cosmological Context ; Proceedings of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference Held at Garching, Germany, 21-25 June 2004
Supermassive black holes are now believed to play an important role in the evolution of the Universe. Every respectable galaxy hosts in its center a black hole that appears to regulate the growth of the galaxy itself. In this book, leading experts in the field review the most recent theoretical and observational results on the following topics: * formation and growth of the first black holes in the Universe and their role in the formation and evolution of galaxies * the physics of black-hole accretion and the production of relativistic jets * binary black-hole mergers and gravitational radiation. Theoretical work is supplemented by the most recent exciting results from space and ground based observatories. This volume is useful research and reference tool for the entire astrophysical community.
Grouping Multidimensional Data : Recent Advances in Clustering
Clustering is one of the most fundamental and essential data analysis techniques. Clustering can be used as an independent data mining task to discern intrinsic characteristics of data, or as a preprocessing step with the clustering results then used for classification, correlation analysis, or anomaly detection.
Grid-based problem solving environments ; IFIP TC2/WG2.5 Working Conference on Grid-based problem solving environments : Implications for development and deployment of numerical software, July 17-21, 2006, Prescott, Arizona, USA
The IFIP series publishes state-of-the-art results in the sciences and technologies of information and communication. The principal aim of the IFIP series is to encourage education and the dissemination and exchange of information about all aspects of computing.
Grid economics and business models ; 5th International workshop, GECON 2008, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, August 26, 2008. Proceedings
This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Grid Economics and Business Models, GECON 2008, held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, August 2008.The 10 full papers included in this volume were carefully selected from 27 submission. They aim at presenting current results and innovative research in the area of grid economics. The papers are organized in topical sections on grid business modeling, market mechanisms for the grid, grid markets, and grid architectures.The proceedings are rounded off by 9 project reports that give an overview of the current and ongoing research in grid economics.
Graph-theoretic concepts in computer science ; Vol. 4271 ; 32nd International Workshop, WG 2006, Bergen, Norway, June 22-23, 2006, Revised Papers
The workshop aims at uniting theory and practice by demonstrating how graph-theoretic concepts can be applied to various areas in computer s- ence, or by extracting new problems from applications. The goal is to present recent research results and to identify and explore directions of future research. The talks showed how recent researchresults from algorithmic graph theory can be used in computer science and which graph-theoreticquestions arisefrom new developments in computer science.
Graph-theoretic concepts in computer science ; Vol. 3787 ; 31st International Workshop, WG 2005, Metz, France, June 23-25, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
that aims to unite theory and practice by demonstrating how graph-theoretic concepts can be applied to various areas in Computer Science. This book provides results for various classes of graphs, graph computations, graph algorithms, and graph-theoretical applications in various fields.
Graph-theoretic concepts in computer science ; 46th International Workshop, WG 2020, Leeds, UK, June 24–26, 2020, Revised Selected Papers
This book constitutes the revised papers of the 46th International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, WG 2020, held in Leeds, UK, in June 2020. The workshop was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 32 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 94 submissions. They cover a wide range of areas, aiming to present emerging research results and to identify and explore directions of future research of concepts on graph theory and how they can be applied to various areas in computer science.
Graph-theoretic concepts in computer science ; 34th International Workshop, WG 2008, Durham, UK, June 30 – July 2, 2008. Revised Papers
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 34th International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, WG 2008, held in Durham, UK, in June/July 2008.The 30 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 76 submissions. The papers feature original results on all aspects of graph-theoretic concepts in Computer Science, e.g. structural graph theory, sequential, parallel, and distributed graph and network algorithms and their complexity, graph grammars and graph rewriting systems.
Graph-theoretic concepts in computer science ; 33rd International workshop, WG 2007, Dornburg, Germany, June 21-23, 2007, Revised Papers
The WG conference traditionally aims at uniting theory and practice by demonstrating how graph-theoretic concepts can be applied to various areas in computer science, or by extracting new problems from applications. The goal is to present recent researchresults and to identify and exploredirections of future research.
Graphics of Large Datasets : Visualizing a Million
Graphics are great for exploring data, but how can they be used for looking at the large datasets that are commonplace to-day? This book shows how to look at ways of visualizing large datasets, whether large in numbers of cases or large in numbers of variables or large in both. Data visualization is useful for data cleaning, exploring data, identifying trends and clusters, spotting local patterns, evaluating modeling output, and presenting results. It is essential for exploratory data analysis and data mining. New approaches to graphics are needed to visualize the information in large datasets and most of the innovations described in this book are developments of standard graphics. There are considerable advantages in extending displays which are well-known and well-tried, both in understanding how best to make use of them in your work and in presenting results to others. It should also make the book readily accessible for readers who already have a little experience of drawing statistical graphics. All ideas are illustrated with displays from analyses of real datasets and the authors emphasize the importance of interpreting displays effectively. Graphics should be drawn to convey information and the book includes many insightful examples.
Grammatical Picture Generation : A Tree-Based Approach
The book presents important types of picture generators, using a tree-based approach to stress their common algorithmic basis, the treatment influenced by the theory of computation, and the theory of formal languages in particular. It guides the reader through the basics of the tree-based approach on to dedicated chapters on line-drawing languages, collage grammars, iterated function systems, grid picture languages, languages of fractals, and languages of coloured collages, while presenting results about (un)decidable, NP-complete, or efficiently solvable problems, normal forms, hierarchies of language classes, and related phenomena.
Grammatical Inference ; Algorithms and Applications : 9th International Colloquium, ICGI 2008 Saint-Malo, France, September 22-24, 2008 Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Colloquium on Grammatical Inference, ICGI 2008, held in Saint-Malo, France, in September 2008.The 21 revised full papers and 8 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The topics of the papers presented vary from theoretical results of learning algorithms to innovative applications of grammatical inference, and from learning several interesting classes of formal grammars to applications to natural language processing.
Grammatical Inference : Algorithms and Applications ; 8th International Colloquium, ICGI 2006, Tokyo, Japan, September 20-22, 2006, Proceedings
The topics discussed range from theoretical results of learning algorithms to innovative applications of grammatical inference and from learning several interesting classes of formal grammars to applications to natural language processing.
Global Smoothness and Shape Preserving Interpolation by Classical Operators
This monograph examines and develops the Global Smoothness Preservation Property (GSPP) and the Shape Preservation Property (SPP) in the field of interpolation of functions. The study is developed for the univariate and bivariate cases using well-known classical interpolation operators of Lagrange, Grünwald, Hermite-Fejér and Shepard type. One of the first books on the subject, it presents interesting new results alongwith an excellent survey of past research.
Global Risk Governance : Concept and Practice Using the IRGC Framework
This book innovative risk governance framework, the careful reviews it received from internationally recognized scientists, and the results of several case studies in which the framework has been applied to a number of significant but different risks.
Gesture in Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation ; 6th International Gesture Workshop, GW 2005, Berder Island, France, May 18-20, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
The international Gesture Workshops have become the leading interdisciplinary events for dissemination of the latest results on gesture-based communication. The goal of these workshops is to bring together researchers who want to meet and share ideas on advanced research on gesture related to multidisciplinary scienti?c ?elds. Depending on the ?elds, the objectives can be very di?erent. While physiology and biomechanics aim to extract fundamental knowledge of physical gesture, computer sciences try to capture di?erent aspects of gesture and extract features that help to identify, interpret or rebuild the underlying mechanisms of communication gestures. Other approaches and methodologies are followed by cognitive sciences and linguistics, bringing a complementary - derstanding of motor control and gesture meaning. The results can be enhanced by technological applications or demonstrations.
Geophysics of the Canary Islands : Results of Spain's Exclusive Economic Zone Program
This book contains the results of a 9 year (1995-2004) investigation of the Canary Islands Exclusive Economic Zone, using state of the art technology. The main result areas are: a multibeam survey demonstrating the magnitude of catastrophic failures of the Canary Islands; a comparison of the morphology of the Canary Islands with Hawaii; the significance of hydrothermal activity in the Canary Channel associated with Mesozoic salt diapirs; an analysis of the morphology and structure of the offshore extension of the Anaga massif in Tenerife island; a detailed description of the archipelago gravity field and magnetic field of the Canary Islands
