الصفحة 11
الصفحة 11
Stochastic Ordinary and Stochastic Partial Differential Equations : Transition from Microscopic to Macroscopic Equations
This book provides the first rigorous derivation of mesoscopic and macroscopic equations from a deterministic system of microscopic equations. The microscopic equations are cast in the form of a deterministic (Newtonian) system of coupled nonlinear oscillators for N large particles and infinitely many small particles. The mesoscopic equations are stochastic ordinary differential equations (SODEs) and stochastic partial differential equatuions (SPDEs), and the macroscopic limit is described by a parabolic partial differential equation. A detailed analysis of the SODEs and (quasi-linear) SPDEs is presented. Semi-linear (parabolic) SPDEs are represented as first order stochastic transport equations driven by Stratonovich differentials. The time evolution of correlated Brownian motions is shown to be consistent with the depletion phenomena experimentally observed in colloids.
Stochastic Orders
Stochastic ordering is a fundamental guide for decision making under uncertainty. It is also an essential tool in the study of structural properties of complex stochastic systems. This reference text presents a comprehensive coverage of the various notions of stochastic orderings, their closure properties, and their applications. Some of these orderings are routinely used in many applications in economics, finance, insurance, management science, operations research, statistics, and various other fields of study. And the value of the other notions of stochastic orderings still needs to be explored further.
Stochastic Optimization Methods ; 1st ed.
Optimization problems arising in practice involve random parameters. For the computation of robust optimal solutions, i.e., optimal solutions being insensitive with respect to random parameter variations, deterministic substitute problems are needed. Based on the distribution of the random data, and using decision theoretical concepts, optimization problems under stochastic uncertainty are converted into deterministic substitute problems. Due to the occurring probabilities and expectations, approximative solution techniques must be applied. Deterministic and stochastic approximation methods and their analytical properties are provided: Taylor expansion, regression and response surface methods, probability inequalities, First Order Reliability Methods, convex approximation/deterministic descent directions/efficient points, stochastic approximation methods, differentiation of probability and mean value functions. Convergence results of the resulting iterative solution procedures are given.
Stills disease
Adult-onset Still’s disease (AoSD) is a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease characterized byarthritis, spiking fever,skin rashandelevatedferritinlevels. Thecauseofthis complexdisorder,whichusually affectsyoungadults, remains unknown.ALondon doctor named Bywaters first introduced the term AoSD in the medical literature in 1971 bydescribing this conditionin asmall groupof14patientswithanagerangeof17to 35 years. The reason behind the nomenclature of this disease is that AoSD shares certain symptoms with Still’s disease in children, which is currently named systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA).
Stem cell therapeutics
Delves into the forefront of medical research, exploring the revolutionary potential of stem cell therapy in combating a wide array of diseases. This comprehensive volume provides a thorough examination of the subject matter, offering insights into the latest advancements, methodologies, and applications of stem cell therapeutics.It adopts a multidisciplinary approach, drawing upon expertise from fields such as biology, medicine, biotechnology, and bioengineering. Readers can expect to encounter in-depth discussions on the use of stem cells in treating various medical conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune conditions, and cancer. Each chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research for each disease, highlighting the challenges, successes, and prospects of stem cell-based therapies. Additionally, the book explores ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, and commercialization strategies surrounding the field, ensuring a well-rounded understanding of the subject matter for readers at all levels of expertise.
Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics
This book is an updated reference for one of the most exciting fields of biomedical research- Stem Cell Research and its therapeutic applications. Stem cell research holds great promise for the treatment of many human diseases that currently lack effective therapies. The set of chapters in this book provide insights into both basic stem cell biology and clinical applications of stem cell-based cell replacement therapies for a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and liver degeneration. It also covers novel technologies for the culture and differentiation of both human embryonic stem cells and adult tissue stem cells. This book summarizes our current state of knowledge in stem cell research and integrates basic stem cell biology with regenerative medicine in an overall context. It is an essential reference for students, research fellows, academic and industrial scientists, and clinicians.
Stem cell production : Processes, practices and regulations
Examines the technologies and processes for the development and commercial production of stem cells according to cGMP guidelines. The initial chapter of the book discusses the therapeutic potentials of stem cells for the treatment of various diseases, including degenerative disorders and genetic diseases. The book then reviews the recent developments in the cultivation of stem cells in bioreactors, including critical cultural parameters, possible bioreactor configuration and integrations of novel technologies in bioprocess developmental stages. The book also introduces microscopic, molecular, and cellular techniques for characterization of stem cells for regulatory approvals. Further, it describes optimal cell transporting conditions to maintain cell viability and properties. Further, it summarizes characterization strategies of clinical grade stem cells for stem cell therapy. This book is an invaluable contribution to having an academic and industrial understanding with respect to R&D and manufacturing of clinical grade stem cells.
Stable Isotope Ecology
The book approaches the use of isotopes from the perspective of ecological and biological research, but its concepts can be applied within other disciplines as well. In order to enable scientists to establish source-sink connections in ecological settings, Stable Isotope Ecology begins by reviewing fundamental topics of tracer fractionation and mixing. Several mini-reviews profile problems and successes encountered with isotope tracing in particular focus areas, while emphasizing the role that humans increasingly play in changing our planetary ecosphere. A novel, step-by-step spreadsheet modeling approach is also presented for circulating tracers in any ecological system, including any favorite system an ecologist might dream up while sitting at a computer. Just type in values and watch the isotope action unfold in the dynamic models.
Stabilità funzionale e controllo neuroumorale = Functional stability and neurohumoral control
Stability of function has been the guiding concept from C. Bernard to the present, both for biology and clinical medicine. Only recently, however, have two illustrious physicists, Grégoire Nicolis and Ilya Prigogine, winners of the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics, offered a comprehensive description of the stability of a variable, and therefore of a functional state, in terms so clear, precise, and comprehensive that it can also be applied to the biological field. The previously confused concepts on which we based our thinking now arrange themselves in an acceptable manner, and from their newly acquired meaning, they already draw attention to the potential emergent order. This volume offers a multidisciplinary approach to a biological topic: from systems theory and far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics to the functional states of sleep, wakefulness, and muscular exercise. Simple descriptions, precise definitions, and abundant illustrations will facilitate the reader's study of the stability of complex systems and understanding how the autonomic nervous system controls this stability.
St. Johns Wort and its Active Principles in Depression and Anxiety
Hypericum extract preparations are used extensively in many countries to treat mildly to moderately depressed patients. While this was based previously on traditional experience, extensive research over the last 10 years has given a broad preclinical and clinical basis to justify the use of Hypericum as an antidepressant. This book reviews the available data related to the biochemical, functional, and behavioural pharmacology of Hypericum and its active constituents. The clinical chapters overview the evidenced basis for its use as an antidepressant, initial data in anxiety and somatoform disorders, and the site effect profile of Hypericum and its possible relevant drug interactions. The known pharmacokinetics of the relevant constituents and the biopharmaceutical quality of commercially available Hypericum preparations are also discussed.
Spreading Democracy and the Rule of Law? : The Impact of EU Enlargemente for the Rule of Law, Democracy and Constitutionalism in Post-Communist Legal Orders
This book fills this gap, and addresses the question of the consequences of the "external force" of European enlargement upon the understanding and practice of democracy and the rule of law and among both the main legal-political actors and the general public in the new member-states. A number of leading legal scholars, sociologists and political scientists, both from Central and Eastern Europe and from outside, address these issues in a systematic and critical way. Taken together, these essays help answer a fundamental question: does the European Union have the potential of promoting and consolidate democracy and human rights.
Sport and Oral Health : A Concise Guide
Explores the intricate interrelationship between oral health and sport, with the focus on highly popular team games, endurance sports, and explosive events. In order to understand the vulnerability of athletes of all levels of ability to oral health problems, relevant aspects of sports physiology and training are outlined, as are the predisposing behavioral, psychological, and physiological elements. Specific sports-related oral risk factors are identified and detailed, and the dental conditions frequently observed in athletes are explained. The dental clinical reality of athletes reveals a wide spectrum of oral consequences, affecting both soft and hard tissues, that can adversely impact on training and competitiveness. Principles of dental management are highlighted, and therapeutic solutions provided for the most common dental lesions. Emphasis is placed on preventative measures and solutions adapted to the athlete’s individual needs, as well as the importance of effective collaboration with a diverse team of professionals.
Spinal Imaging : Diagnostic Imaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord
This is a richly illustrated and comprehensive textbook on the imaging of frequently encountered spinal disorders. Degenerative disease, spinal trauma, spinal tumors and the postoperative spine are addressed in detail. In addition, there are individual chapters on embryology, the pediatric spine, biomechanics, scoliosis, bone marrow disorders, infections, spondyloarthropathies and imaging of the sacrum. All imaging modalities are considered, including plain film, multidetector CT and MRI. The book is intended for daily use in any practice that engages in spinal imaging, and will assist both in film interpretation and in image acquisition. Its logical structure and extensive, accurate index are specifically designed to ensure ease of use.
Spinal Disorders : Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment
Spinal disorders are among the most common medical conditions with significant impact on health related quality of life, use of health care resources and socio-economic costs. Spinal surgery is still one of the fastest growing areas in clinical medicine. The increasing age of the population will require an increased need for the treatment of degenerative spinal disorders particularly spinal stenosis. Basic knowledge on the state of the art in diagnosis and treatment of spinal disorders is required not only for spine specialists but also for general orthopedic surgeons, rheumatologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, chiropractors, physiotherapists, basic scientists and health care executives to choose and/or evaluate appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. "Spinal Disorders" is an easily readable teaching tool focusing on fundamentals and basic principles.
Spin Glasses
Spin glass theory is going through a stunning period of progress while finding exciting new applications in areas beyond theoretical physics, in particular in combinatorics and computer science. This collection of state-of-the-art review papers written by leading experts in the field covers the topic from a wide variety of angles. The topics covered are mean field spin glasses, including a pedagogical account of Talagrand's proof of the Parisi solution, short range spin glasses, emphasizing the open problem of the relevance of the mean-field theory for lattice models, and the dynamics of spin glasses, in particular the problem of ageing in mean field models.
Speech Acoustics and Phonetics : Selected Writings
The overall aim of the book is to provide an integrated view of the separate stages of the speech chain, covering the production process, speech data analysis and speech perception. Analysis of information bearing elements of the speech signal have found applications in linguistic theory and in the knowledge base of speech technology with special reference to speech synthesis.A list of all publications of the author since 1945 is included. It is supplemented by an ordering in categories. The articles have been selected to ensure a representative coverage of the field. Some of them, primarily those on speech acoustics and the human voice source were published earlier.
Spectral Methods : Fundamentals in Single Domains
Since the publication of "Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics", spectral methods, particularly in their multidomain version, have become firmly established as a mainstream tool for scientific and engineering computation. While retaining the tight integration between the theoretical and practical aspects of spectral methods that was the hallmark of the earlier book, Canuto et al. now incorporate the many improvements in the algorithms and the theory of spectral methods that have been made since 1988. The initial treatment Fundamentals in Single Domains discusses the fundamentals of the approximation of solutions to ordinary and partial differential equations on single domains by expansions in smooth, global basis functions.
Spectral Methods : Evolution to Complex Geometries and Applications to Fluid Dynamics
Spectral methods, particularly in their multidomain version, have become firmly established as a mainstream tool for scientific and engineering computation. While retaining the tight integration between the theoretical and practical aspects of spectral methods that was the hallmark of their 1988 book, Canuto et al. now incorporate the many improvements in the algorithms and the theory of spectral methods that have been made since then.The recent companion book Fundamentals in Single Domains discusses the fundamentals of the approximation of solutions to ordinary and partial differential equations on single domains by expansions in smooth, global basis functions.
Spectral and High Order Methods for Partial Differential Equations ICOSAHOM 2018 ; Selected Papers from the ICOSAHOM Conference, London, UK, July 9-13, 2018
Features a selection of high-quality papers from the presentations at the International Conference on Spectral and High-Order Methods 2018, offering an overview of the depth and breadth of the activities within this important research area. The carefully reviewed papers provide a snapshot of the state of the art, while the extensive bibliography helps initiate new research directions.
Special Functions for Applied Scientists
Special Functions for Applied Scientists provides the required mathematical tools for researchers active in the physical sciences. The book presents a full suit of elementary functions for scholars at the PhD level and covers a wide-array of topics and begins by introducing elementary classical special functions. From there, differential equations and some applications into statistical distribution theory are examined. The fractional calculus chapter covers fractional integrals and fractional derivatives as well as their applications to reaction-diffusion problems in physics, input-output analysis, Mittag-Leffler stochastic processes and related topics.
