الصفحة 11
الصفحة 11
Eutrophication of Shallow Lakes with Special Reference to Lake Taihu, China
Eutrophication and algal blooms are worldwide environmental issues in lakes. The eutrophication process and formation mechanisms of algal blooms are particularly complicated in shallow lakes due to the strong lake–land, air–water and water–sediment interactions. This volume features papers presented at the International Symposium on the Eutrophication Process and Control in Large Shallow Lakes – with Special Reference to Lake Taihu, a Shallow Subtropical Chinese Lake, held in Nanjing, China, 22–26 April, 2005. The topics include: physical processes and their effects on shallow lake ecosystems; biogeochemistry of sediments and nutrient cycling in shallow lakes; algal blooms and ecosystem response in shallow lakes; eutrophication control and restoration in shallow lakes; and resource exploitation, environmental protection and sustainable management in shallow lakes.
Ethylene Action in Plants
The plant hormone ethylene plays a prominent role among several intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control growth and physiology of plants. Its biological activity was discovered over a century ago. However, extensive studies on its mode of action came later. To date, it is well documented that ethylene is a versatile signaling molecule that plays an important role in many physiological processes - like growth, senescence, fruit ripening, stress responses, symbioses, and photosynthesis. Molecular-genetic analyses have revealed mechanisms responsible for ethylene production, perception, and signal transduction. The present work brings into focus the recent developments on the biochemical, physiological, and molecular basis for ethylene action in plants.
Essentials of Restenosis : For the Interventional Cardiologist
Essentials of Restenosis provides the practicing cardiologists and biologists an elaborate review of the current advances in the field. The book explore the process of restenosis from bench to bedside, encompassing in equal detail the newest scientific findings of the biological mechanisms as well as the progression in development of diagnostics and treatments. The volume also provides the reader with a basic understanding of the biological process and the latest diagnostics and treatments of the disease, with an up-to-date detailed discussion of the most important recent findings.
Essentials of pharmacodynamics and drug action
Provides a comprehensive exploration of the dynamic field of pharmacology and its fundamental principles. It delves into the intricate interactions between drugs and the human body, focusing on pharmacokinetics, which explains the dynamics of drug actions in the body, and pharmacodynamics, which uncovers the mechanisms through which drugs exert their effects. The book also emphasizes the crucial aspects of therapeutics and gene-based therapy, shedding light on modern approaches to disease treatment.
Epigenetic Drug Discovery
This broad view of epigenetic approaches in drug discovery combines methods and strategies with individual targets, including new and largely unexplored ones such as sirtuins and methyl-lysine reader proteins. Presented in three parts - Introduction to Epigenetics, General Aspects and Methodologies, and Epigenetic Target Classes - it covers everything any drug researcher would need in order to know about targeting epigenetic mechanisms of disease.
Environments for Multi-Agent Systems ; 1st International Workshop, E4MAS, 2004, New York, NY, July 19, 2004, Revised Selected Papers
The modern ?eld of multiagent systems has developed from two main lines of earlier research. Its practitioners generally regard it as a form of arti?cial intelligence (AI). Some of its earliest work was reported in a series of workshops in the US dating from1980,revealinglyentitled,“DistributedArti?cialIntelligence,”andpioneers often quoted a statement attributed to Nils Nilsson that “all AI is distributed. ” The locus of classical AI was what happens in the head of a single agent, and much MAS research re?ects this heritage with its emphasis on detailed modeling of the mental state and processes of individual agents. From this perspective, intelligenceisultimatelythepurviewofasinglemind,thoughitcanbeampli?ed by appropriate interactions with other minds. These interactions are typically mediated by structured protocols of various sorts, modeled on human conver- tional behavior. But the modern ?eld of MAS was not born of a single parent. A few - searchershavepersistentlyadvocatedideasfromthe?eldofarti?ciallife(ALife). These scientists were impressed by the complex adaptive behaviors of commu- ties of animals (often extremely simple animals, such as insects or even micro- ganisms). The computational models on which they drew were often created by biologists who used them not to solve practical engineering problems but to test their hypotheses about the mechanisms used by natural systems. In the ar- ?cial life model, intelligence need not reside in a single agent, but emerges at the level of the community from the nonlinear interactions among agents. - cause the individual agents are often subcognitive, their interactions cannot be modeled by protocols that presume linguistic competence.
Environmental Issues in Latin America and the Caribbean
This book is a non-technical interdisciplinary collection of 12 essays, each of which uses natural or social science methods. The essays analyze a representative set of environmental issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. They consider problems at international, regional, national, and local levels and examine current and historical environmental policy. The essays are organized according to theme and approach into five parts: -conservation challenges; -national policies, local communities, and rural development; -market mechanisms for protecting public goods; -public participation and environmental justice; -the effects of development policies on the environment. Contributors are researchers from Canada, Europe, Latin America, and the United States
Environmental Chemistry : Green Chemistry and Pollutants in Ecosystems
Environmental chemistry is a new, fast developing science aimed at deciphering fundamental mechanisms ruling the behaviour of pollutants in ecosystems. Applying this knowledge to current environmental issues leads to the remediation of environmental media, and to new, low energy, low emission, sustainable processes. This book describes the state-of-the-art advances regarding the pollution of water, soils, atmosphere, food and living organisms by toxic metals, fossil fuels, pesticides and other organic pollutants. Furthermore, the eco-toxicology section presents novel bio-assays to assess the toxicity of various pollutants such as dioxins and endocrine disrupters within complex media. The green chemistry section highlights novel chemical reactions based upon environmentally friendly conditions. The analytical chemistry section describes very sensitive methods which trace the fate of pollutants in complex ecosystems.
Entry Inhibitors in HIV Therapy
The introductory chapters of this book present an overview of entry inhibitors, review current knowledge of how Env mediates entry, and discuss the challenge of genetic diversity in this region of the viral genome. Subsequent chapters feature current information on individual classes of entry inhibitors that target each step of the virus entry pathway, from attachment to membrane fusion. There is an emphasis on the complex determinants of entry inhibitor susceptibility, resistance mechanisms, the need for clinical phenotyping, and how these issues create new challenges for antiretroviral therapy. Encouraging pre-clinical studies of entry inhibitors as microbicidesare also discussed. The final chapters highlight the current status of entry inhibitors in clinical studies, the major milestone achieved with FDA approval of enfuvirtide, and review drug development, past and present.
English for Everyone Junior Beginner's Practice Book : Look, Listen, Learn, and Practise
Featuring hundreds of exercises, this practice book tests all the vocabulary and grammar structures taught in the English for Everyone Junior: Beginner's Course, making use of a range of both familiar and new exercise mechanisms.
End-to-End Quality of Service Over Heterogeneous Networks
The book presents mechanisms, protocols, and system architectures to achieve end-to-end Quality-of-Service (QoS) over heterogeneous wired/wireless networks in the Internet. Particular focus is on measurement techniques, traffic engineering mechanisms and protocols, signalling protocols as well as transport protocol extensions to support fairness and QoS. It shows how those mechanisms and protocols can be combined into a comprehensive end-to-end QoS architecture to support QoS in the Internet over heterogeneous wired/wireless access networks. Finally, techniques for evaluation of QoS mechanisms such as simulation and emulation are presented.
Endocrinology : Basic and Clinical Principles
For this new edition of Conn & Melmed's Endocrinology: Basic and Clinical Principles, a panel of distinguished scientists and clinicians has completely rewritten every chapter to reflect the latest advances in our understanding of the endocrine system. Maintaining the original goal of the first edition to integrate the basic science of endocrinology with its physiological and clinical principles, the authors have succinctly summarized in 450 pages the latest findings on hormone secretion and hormone action, as well as all of the most recent insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of hormonal disorders. Coverage extends across the entire spectrum of endocrinology-from mammalian cells, plants, and insects to animal models and human diseases-with much increased coverage of diabetes and metabolism. Highlights include cutting-edge discussions of appetite disorders, obesity, reproductive failure, control of thyroid function, hormone action in humans and the lower species, and the mechanisms subserving hormone secretion.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals : From Basic Research to Clinical Practice
This book presents a translational approach to EDC research, spanning both basic biology and clinical applications, and provides a critical link between the laboratory and the physicians’ office. Scientists and physicians engaged in EDC studies or practice will find that this volume offers insight across all areas of EDC research, including clarifying the mechanisms for EDC effects, understanding the adverse affects of EDCs on humans and wildlife, and offering solutions to the problems created by exposures to EDCs.
Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology
It provides rapid access to information on molecular pharmacology for research scientists, clinicians and advanced students. With the A-Z format of over 2,000 entries, around 350 authors provide a complete reference to the area of molecular pharmacology. The book combines the knowledge of classic pharmacology with the more recent approach of the precise analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which drugs exert their effects. Short keyword entries define common acronyms, terms and phrases. In addition, detailed essays provide in-depth information on drugs, cellular processes, molecular targets, techniques, molecular mechanisms, and general principles.
Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology
Covers all aspects of pharmacology, from the chemistry of drugs and the biochemistry of drug targets to the clinical application of drugs, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms. It also includes techniques for describing the effects of drugs and characterizing drug targets. With over 2,000 entries and 350 detailed essays by leading experts, this book is also an up-to-date and important reference for scientists in fields outside pharmacology, students, health care workers, teachers, physicians, and laypersons.
Electronic Postage Systems : Technology, Security, Economics
This book introduces a taxonomy of electronic postage systems and explains their security risks and countermeasures. The underlying cryptographic mechanisms are introduced and explained, and the industrial-scale electronic postage systems existing worldwide, are sorted out with respect to this taxonomy. The author also discusses privacy and anonymous mail, the state of standardization of electronic postage, and the process of security evaluation and testing of electronic postage systems. This volume including electronic postage designers of postal operators and standardization bodies, software and test engineers, software vendors integrating electronic postage solutions into their applications, security engineers and cryptography experts, and accredited test laboratories evaluating electronic postage systems.
Electronic Noise and Interfering Signals
Electronic Noise and Interfering Signals" is a comprehensive reference book on noise and interference in electronic circuits, with particular focus on low-noise design. The first part of the book deals with mechanisms, modeling, and computation of intrinsic noise which is generated in every electronic device. The second part analyzes the coupling mechanisms which can lead to a contamination of circuits by parasitic signals and provides appropriate solutions to this problem. The last part contains more than 100 practical, elaborate case studies
Electron transfer : Mechanisms and applications
Written by one of the top scientists in this field, this is a systematic overview of the fundamental concepts and powerful applications. The author presents the central theories and mechanisms in electron transfer, followed by several systems in nature where this is important, while also covering modern green applications.
Electromagnetics in Biology
In this book, the authors intended to focus their effort on describing (1) biological responses of human and animals, both in vivo and in vitro methodologies, to magnetic and/or electromagnetic field exposure, (2) characteristics of effective fields, (3) hypotheses to explain possible mechanisms of interaction between the fields and cells, and (4) induced current in ELF and induced heat in RF fields as key interaction mechanisms. The readers can have the present-day comprehensive knowledge about biological responses to electromagnetic field exposure.
Electrochemical processes and corrosion in reinforced concrete
Some reinforced concrete structures prematurely corrode as they age, with significant financial implications, but it is not immediately clear why some are more durable than others. This book looks at the various mechanisms for corrosion and how what seemed to be a relatively simple matter has become more complex the further it is understood due to the properties of concrete, steel and the way reinforced concrete structures are constructed. The significance of electrochemical processes is identified with recent research using new technology discussed.
