الصفحة 10
الصفحة 10
Galaxy Formation and Evolution
An Astronomical Life – Observing the Depths of the Universe” Though science as a subject can be di?cult, what has been more important for me is that its practice can also be rewarding fun! This book is crafted to expose the reader to the excitement of modern observational cosmology through the study of galaxy evolution over space and cosmic time. Recent extragalactic research has led to many rapid advances in the ?eld. Even a suitable skeptic of certain pronouncements about the age and structure of the Universe should be pleased with the large steps that have been taken in furthering our understanding of the Universe since the early 1990’s. My personal involvement in galaxy research goes back to the 1960’s. At that point, galaxies were easily recognized and partially understood as organized c- lections of stars and gas. What their masses were presented a problem, which I supposed would just fade away. But fade it didn’t. Distant active nuclei and quasars were discovered in the mid-1960’s. A c- mon view of QSOs was that they have large redshifts, but what use are they for cosmology or normal galaxy astrophysics? I shared that conclusion. My expec- tions fell below their potential utility. In short, the Universe of our expectations rarely matches the Universe as it is discovered.
Fuzzy portfolio optimization : Theory and methods
This is the first monograph on fuzzy portfolio optimization. By using fuzzy mathematical approaches, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, the experts' knowledge and the investors' subjective opinions can be better integrated into portfolio selection models. The contents of this book mainly comprise of the authors' research results for fuzzy portfolio selection problems in recent years. In addition, in the book, the authors introduce some other important progress in the field of fuzzy portfolio optimization. Some fundamental issues and problems of portfolio selection have been studied systematically and extensively by the authors to apply fuzzy systems theory and optimization methods. A new framework for investment analysis is presented in this book. A series of portfolio selection models are given and some of them are more efficient for practical applications. Some application examples are given to illustrate those models.
Fuzzy Choice Functions : A Revealed Preference Approach
This book extends the theory of revealed preference to fuzzy choice functions and provides applications to multicriteria decision making problems. The main topics of revealed preference theory (rationality, revealed preference and congruence axioms, consistency conditions) are treated in the framework of fuzzy choice functions. New topics, such as the degree of dominance and similarity of vague choices, are developed. The results obtained are applied to economic problems where partial information and human subjectivity involve vague choices and vague preferences. The book contains a number of new results achieved by the author. Even though the text is reasonably self-contained, previous knowledge of revealed preference and fuzzy set theory is helpful for the reader.
Future approaches for safe and effective pain management
Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. It is subjective and considered an important physiological mechanism by which humans prevent themselves from developing tissue injury. However, pain patients do not respond to treatment in the same way, which makes it challenging to issue a consistent treatment for all pain conditions. Excessive pain can markedly increase psychological health problems and decrease health‐related quality of life; therefore, pain should be managed appropriately by analgesics. Analgesics act in various ways on the peripheral and central pain pathways and are regarded as one of the most valuable but equally dangerous groups of medications. Individual variability in pain perception and differences in the efficacy of analgesic drugs are complex phenomena and are partly genetically predetermined. Pain severities as well as responses to analgesics, can also be very variable among sufferer.
Funds, Flows and Time : An Alternative Approach to the Microeconomic Analysis of Productive Activities
The subject of this book is production, which is an important and extensive field in economic science. In fact, production, distribution and consump tion were long considered the three federated kingdoms which together formed the great empire of the economy. According to other slightly dif ferent traditions, production also held pride of place, specifically as a basic link in the long chain of social reproduction. Today, whatever the theoreti cal approach, production is a fundamental requirement for human survival. This was not, however, always the case. For much of the history of man kind hominids were hunter, scavenger and gatherers, with very little con trol over their environment, and extremely little in the way of artefacts with which to work. However, since the Neolithic revolution, productive processes have constituted an essential mechanism, providing human soci ety with goods and services to satisfy its needs and cravings.
Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science : Metals and Alloys
adiation Materials Science teaches readers the fundamentals of the effects of radiation on metals and alloys. When energetic particles strike a solid, numerous processes occur that can change the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Metals and alloys represent an important class of materials that, by virtue of their use in nuclear reactor cores, are subject to intense radiation fields. Radiation causes metals and alloys to swell, distort, blister, harden, soften and deform. This textbook and reference covers the basics of particle-atom interaction for a range of particle types, the amount and spatial extent of the resulting radiation damage, the physical effects of irradiation and the changes in mechanical behavior of irradiated metals and alloys. Concepts are developed systematically and quantitatively, supported by examples, references for further reading and problems at the end of each chapter
Fundamentals of quantum optics and quantum information
This book is an introduction to the two closely related subjects of quantum optics and quantum information. Essentially, the physical aspects of quantum information processing have now become an integral part of quantum optics.
Fundamentals of Powder Diffraction and Structural Characterization of Materials
Pecharsky (Iowa State University) and Zavalij (State University of New York, Binghamton) explain in their preface that the powder diffraction method has been used for more than 90 years as a means of structural characterization of materials; but it has become even more important to advancements in materials science, chemistry, physics, natural sciences, and engineering due to developments in the past decade such as digital x-ray recording, groundbreaking work showing the application of powder diffraction data to structure refinement and solution, and computers and the internet. This text for undergraduate and graduate students requires no prior knowledge of the subject. It provides both theoretical and practical coverage with emphasis on data collected using conventional x-ray sources and general-purpose powder diffractometers. The included CD-ROM contains color versions of some 300 illustrations as well as powder diffraction data needed for the end-of-chapter problems.
Fundamentals of Friction and Wear on the Nanoscale
In the past twenty years, powerful tools such as atomic force microscopy have made it possible to accurately investigate the phenomena of friction and wear, down to the nanometer scale. Readers of this book will become familiar with the concepts and techniques of nanotribology, explained by an international team of scientists and engineers, actively involved and with long experience in this field. Edited by two pioneers in the field, 'Fundamentals of Frictions and Wear at the Nanoscale' is suitable both as first introduction to this fascinating subject, and also as a reference for researchers wishing to improve their knowledge of nanotribology and to keep up with the latest results in this field.
Fundamentals in Nuclear Physics : From Nuclear Structure to Cosmology
Explores nuclear physics and its applications ranging from the structure of nuclei and their reactions, to astrophysics and cosmology. The physics is introduced with arguments based on simple ideas such as the empirical structure of nuclear forces and its interplay with the Pauli principle and Coulomb repulsion. The book then develops elementary nuclear models and illustrates nuclear systematics with experimental data. Reactions and decays are discussed both phenomenologically and from the point of view of fundamental electro-weak interaction theory. The discussions of fission and fusion emphasize nuclear energy production. This leads directly into nuclear astrophysics and nucleosynthesis. The book ends with a presentation of the latest ideas about cosmology. As a primer this course will lay the foundations for more specialized subjects within the vast domain of nuclear physics as a whole. This book emerged from a series of topical courses the authors delivered at the Ecole Polytechnique and will be useful for advanced undergraduates and for scientists in a variety of fields.
Functional Identities
The theory of functional identities (FIs) is a relatively new one - the first results were published at the beginning of the 1990s, and this is the first book on this subject. An FI can be informally described as an identical relation involving arbitrary elements in an associative ring together with arbitrary (unknown) functions. The goal of the general FI theory is to describe these functions, or, when this is not possible, to describe the structure of the ring admitting the FI in question. This abstract theory has turned out to be a powerful tool for solving a variety of problems in ring theory, Lie algebras, Jordan algebras, linear algebra, and operator theory.
Frontiers of Ferroelectricity : A Special Issue of the Journal of Materials Science
The book presents theory, fundamentals and applications of ferroelectricity. It describes the current levels of understanding of various aspects of the subject as presented by authorities in the field. Reviews and research reports cover the spectrum of ferroelectricity. Topics include relaxors, piezoelectrics, microscale and nanoscale studies, polymers and composites, unusual properties, and techniques and devices. The information in this book is intended for physicists, engineers and materials scientists working with ferroelectric materials including ceramics, single crystals, polymers, composites and even some biological materials.
Frontiers of Cosmology ; Proceedings of the NATO ASI on The Frontiers of Cosmology, Cargese, France from 8 - 20 September 2003
Contains this book lectures by world experts in the various branches of this field corresponding to lectures presented during the School "Frontiers of the Universe" at the IESC, (Corsica, France). These pedagogical lectures cover major subjects relevant to the field, providing introductory material appropriate to PhD students.
Frontiers in Number Theory, Physics, and Geometry I : On Random Matrices, Zeta Functions, and Dynamical Systems
This book presents pedagogical contributions on selected topics relating Number Theory, Theoretical Physics and Geometry. The parts are composed of long self-contained pedagogical lectures followed by shorter contributions on specific subjects organized by theme. Most courses and short contributions go up to the recent developments in the fields; some of them follow their author?s original viewpoints. There are contributions on Random Matrix Theory, Quantum Chaos, Non-commutative Geometry, Zeta functions, and Dynamical Systems. The chapters of this book are extended versions of lectures given at a meeting entitled Number Theory, Physics and Geometry, held at Les Houches in March 2003, which gathered mathematicians and physicists.
Frontiers in civil and hydraulic engineering ; Vol.2 : Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Architectural, Civil and Hydraulic Engineering (ICACHE 2022), Guangzhou, China, 12–14 August 2022
Focuses on the research of architecture and hydraulic engineering in civil engineering. The proceedings feature the most cutting-edge research directions and achievements related to civil and hydraulic engineering. Subjects in the proceedings including: Engineering Structure Intelligent Building Structural Seismic Resistance Monitoring and Testing Hydraulic Engineering Engineering Facility The works of this proceedings can promote development of civil and hydraulic engineering, resource sharing, flexibility and high efficiency.
Frontiers in civil and hydraulic engineering ; Vol.1 : Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on architectural, civil and hydraulic engineering (ICACHE 2022), Guangzhou, China, 12–14 August 2022
Focuses on the research of architecture and hydraulic engineering in civil engineering. The proceedings feature the most cutting-edge research directions and achievements related to civil and hydraulic engineering. Subjects in the proceedings including: Engineering Structure Intelligent Building Structural Seismic Resistance Monitoring and Testing Hydraulic Engineering Engineering Facility The works of this proceedings can promote development of civil and hydraulic engineering, resource sharing, flexibility and high efficiency.
From Research to Manuscript : A Guide to Scientific Writing
From Research to Manuscript, written in simple, straightforward language, explains how to understand and summarize a research project. It is a writing guide that goes beyond grammar and bibliographic formats, by demonstrating in detail how to compose the sections of a scientific paper. This book takes you from the data on your desk and leads you through the drafts and rewrites needed to build a thorough, clear science article. At each step, the book describes not only what to do but why and how. It discusses why each section of a science paper requires its particular form of information, and it shows how to put your data and your arguments into that form. Importantly, this writing manual recognizes that experiments in different disciplines need different presentations, and it is illustrated with examples from well-written papers on a wide variety of scientific subjects.
From Data and Information Analysis to Knowledge Engineering ; Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation e.V., University of Magdeburg, March 9-11, 2005
The volume contains revised versions of selected papers presented during the 29th Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl), the German Classification Society, held at the Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Germany, in March 2005. In addition to papers on the traditional subjects Classification, Clustering, and Data Analysis, there are many papers on a wide range of topics with a strong relation to Computer Science. Examples are Text Mining, Web Mining, Fuzzy Data Analysis, IT Security, Adaptivity and Personalization, and Visualization. Application-oriented topics include Economics, Marketing, Banking and Finance, Medicine, Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, and Music Analysis.
From computer literacy to informatics fundamentals ; International conference on informatics in secondary schools : Evolution and perspectives, ISSEP 2005, Klagenfurt, Austria, March 30-April 1, 2005, Proceedings
Duetothepenetrationofinformationtechnologyintosocietyatlargeandinto schools in particular, the relationship between informatics and education leading togeneralcomputerliteracyortotheuseofIT-basedapproachesinconventional subjects, e-learning in school, is an evident focus of many contributions. According to the broad scope of the conference its proceedings are split into two volumes. This volume, From Computer Literacy to Informatics Fundam- tals, covers papers reporting on national strategies of informatics instruction and their evolution in accordance with the penetration of information proce- ing equipment in our daily life. In one way or another, these strategies strive to accommodate the needs of basic skills in information and communication te- nology (ICT) with educational principles that can be conveyed by informatics instruction in a traditional sense. Hence, the papers on national strategies are complementedintwoways: ?rstly, bycontributionsthatstrivetoidentifyfun- mental issues, informatics can contribute to the general education process of the youth; and, secondly, by papers presenting approaches on how to link or even to combine instruction about such informatics fundamentals with the need to introduce pupils to the productive use of ICT.
From Bilateral Arbitral Tribunals and Investment Courts to a Multilateral Investment Court : Options Regarding the Institutionalization of Investor-State Dispute Settlement
This book considers the potential setup for a future Multilateral Investment Court (MIC). The option of an MIC was first discussed by the EU Commission in 2016 and has since been made an official element of the EU Common Commercial Policy. In 2017, UNCITRAL also decided to discuss the possibility of an MIC, and on 20 March 2018, the Council of the EU gave the EU Commission the mandate to negotiate the creation of an MIC. The “feasibility study” presented here is intended to contribute to a broader discussion on the options for a new international court specialized in investment protection.
