الصفحة 10
الصفحة 10
Creativity, Psychology and the History of Science
The present book includes papers from a wide range of topics. In the contributions to creativity research, Gruber proposes his key ideas for studying creative work. Gruber focuses on how the thinking, motivation and affect of extraordinarily creative individuals evolve and how they interact over long periods of time. Gruber’s approach bridges many disciplines and subdisciplines in psychology and beyond, several of which are represented in the present volume: cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, history of science, aesthetics, and politics. The volume thus presents a unique and comprehensive contribution to our understanding of the creative process. Many of Gruber's papers have not previously been easily accessible; they are presented here in thoroughly revised form. The book is for psychologists, historians and philosophers of science interested in the intersection of psychology and the history of science.
Creating and Enhancing Digital Astro Images
Digital imaging is now available to all amateur astronomers at a reasonable price. The advent of CCDs, DSLRs and – perhaps most significantly – webcams mean today’s astronomers can make colorful planetary or deep-sky images of breathtaking beauty. The results obtained with even modest equipment can be spectacular, but of course they depend crucially on the computer processing of the images after they have been captured. Enhancing Digital Images is not just an introduction to image processing, it is a deeply practical, comprehensive and fully illustrated in-depth guide to using a digital camera, performing image reduction and undertaking image enhancement – all without jargon or math. Here is everything you need to know about processing digital astronomical images, regardless of whether you are experienced or a relative beginner!
Covid-19 and Capitalism : Success and Failure of the Legal Methods for Dealing with a Pandemic
The book focuses on the situation in a number of Western regions (notably the USA, the UK, and the EU and its Member States). The author addresses the reasons why in many Western countries both pandemic prevention and response policies to Covid-19 have failed. The book concludes with recommendations concerning the rearrangement of the socio-economic order that could increase the resilience of (Western) societies against such pandemics.
Cosmeceuticals as Game Changers in the Cosmetic Industry
Objectives of this work is to compare conventional cosmetics to biotechnology derived cosmeceuticals in terms of skin anti-aging, skin color modulation and hair growth, and to find out which is of greater overall performance. Research revealed superiority of cosmeceuticals to classical cosmetics as it was found that many classical cosmetic agents used for aesthetical purposes posed a certain level of either ineffectiveness, for the reason that the effect did not treat the cause of the problem and was merely temporary and external, or harmfulness because of proposed potential health risks and adverse effects. Whereas cosmeceuticals presented promising novel mechanisms and compounds for a deeper, more thorough remedy.
Coordination models and languages ; 9th International Conference, COORDINATION 2007, Paphos, Cyprus, June 6-8, 2007, Proceedings
he volume examines how to increase modularity, simplify reasoning, and ultimately enhance today's software development by exploring the spectrum of languages, middleware, services, and algorithms. The papers are organized in topical sections on middleware, logic programming, formal approaches, concurrency, components and services, as well as MANets.
Conviviality at the Crossroads : The Poetics and Politics of Everyday Encounters
Conviviality has lately become a catchword not only in academia but also among political activists. This open access book discusses conviviality in relation to the adjoining concepts cosmopolitanism and creolisation. The urgency of today’s global predicament is not only an argument for the revival of all three concepts, but also a reason to bring them into dialogue. Ivan Illich envisioned a post-industrial convivial society of ‘autonomous individuals and primary groups’ (Illich 1973), which resembles present-day manifestations of ‘convivialism’. Paul Gilroy refashioned conviviality as a substitute for cosmopolitanism, denoting an ability to be ‘at ease’ in contexts of diversity (Gilroy 2004)
Contemporary Bioethics : Islamic Perspective
This book discusses the common principles of morality and ethics derived from divinely endowed intuitive reason through the creation of al-fitr' a (nature) and human intellect (al-‘aql). Biomedical topics are presented and ethical issues related to topics such as genetic testing, assisted reproduction and organ transplantation are discussed. Whereas these natural sources are God’s special gifts to human beings, God’s revelation as given to the prophets is the supernatural source of divine guidance through which human communities have been guided at all times through history. The second part of the book concentrates on the objectives of Islamic religious practice – the maqa' sid – which include: Preservation of Faith, Preservation of Life, Preservation of Mind (intellect and reason), Preservation of Progeny (al-nasl) and Preservation of Property. Lastly, the third part of the book discusses selected topical issues, including abortion, assisted reproduction devices, genetics, organ transplantation, brain death and end-of-life aspects.
Consumption structure and macroeconomics : Structural change and the relationship between inequality and growth
This book offers a novel perspective that allows to incorporate changing consumption and production structure into models of economic growth. Starting from the empirical observation that income and consumption structure are closely related, it develops a tractable theoretical framework which enables to analyze macroeconomic models consistent with these empirical facts. As a result, central macroeconomic phenomena are better understood: the reasons behind long-run growth, structural change, and the influence of inequality on innovations and growth.
Constraint satisfaction techniques for agent-based reasoning
Constraint satisfaction problems are significant in the domain of automated reasoning for artificial intelligence. They can be applied to the modeling and solving of a wide range of combinatorial applications such as planning, scheduling and resource sharing in a variety of practical domains such as transportation, production, supply-chains, network management and human resource management. In this book we study new techniques for solving constraint satisfaction problems, with a special focus on solution adaptation applied to agent reasoning.
Constitutionalism and Legal Reasoning
This book of legal philosophy contends that positive law is better understood if it is not too easily equated with power, force, or command.
Conditionals, Information, and Inference
Conditionals are fascinating and versatile objects of knowledge representation. On the one hand, they may express rules in a very general sense, representing, for example, plausible relationships, physical laws, and social norms. On the other hand, as default rules or general implications, they constitute a basic tool for reasoning, even in the presence of uncertainty. In this sense, conditionals are intimately connected both to information and inference. Due to their non-Boolean nature, however, conditionals are not easily dealt with. They are not simply true or false — rather, a conditional “if A then B” provides a context, A, for B to be plausible (or true) and must not be confused with “A entails B” or with the material implication “not A or B.” This ill- trates how conditionals represent information, understood in its strict sense as reduction of uncertainty. To learn that, in the context A, the proposition B is plausible, may reduce uncertainty about B and hence is information. The ab- ity to predict such conditioned propositions is knowledge and as such (earlier) acquired information. The ?rst work on conditional objects dates back to Boole in the 19th c- tury, and the interest in conditionals was revived in the second half of the 20th century, when the emerging Arti?cial Intelligence made claims for appropriate formaltoolstohandle“generalizedrules.”Sincethen,conditionalshavebeenthe topic of countless publications, each emphasizing their relevance for knowledge representation, plausible reasoning, nonmonotonic inference, and belief revision.
Conceptual Structures: Knowledge Architectures for Smart Applications ; 15th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2007, Sheffield, UK, July 22-27, 2007, Proceedings
Conceptual structures focus on the representation and analysis of concepts, events, actions and objects with applications in - search,softwareengineering,manufacturing and business.The book covers computer science, information technology,artificial int- ligence, philosophy and a variety of applied disciplines to explore novel ways that information technologies can be leveraged to assist human reasoning and interaction for tangible business or social benefits. Conceptual structures can be used to augment human intelligence by facilitating knowledge integration, desion making, the creation of intelligent software systems and the exploration of implicit structures.
Conceptual Structures : Knowledge Visualization and Reasoning; 16th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2008 Toulouse, France, July 7-11, 2008 Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2008, held in Toulouse, France, in July 2008.
Computer Science Logic ; Vol. 3634
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on Computer Science Logic, CSL 2005, held as the 14th Annual Conference of the EACSL in Oxford, UK in August 2005. The 33 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 108 papers submitted. All current aspects of logic in computer science are addressed ranging from mathematical logic and logical foundations to methodological issues and applications of logics in various computing contexts. The volume is organized in topical sections on semantics and logics, type theory and lambda calculus, linear logic and ludics, constraints, finite models, decidability and complexity, verification and model checking, constructive reasoning and computational mathematics, and implicit computational complexity and rewriting.
Computer Processing of Oriental Languages. Beyond the Orient : The Research Challenges Ahead ; 21st International Conference, ICCPOL 2006, Singapore, December 17-19, 2006, Proceedings
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, ICCPOL 2006.The papers are organized in topical sections on information retrieval, document classification, questions and answers, summarization, machine translation, word segmentation, chunking, abbreviation expansion, writing-system issues, parsing, semantics, and lexical resources.
Computer Mathematics ; 8th Asian Symposium, ASCM 2007, Singapore, December 15-17, 2007. Revised and Invited Papers
This book constitutes thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 8th Asian Symposium on Computer Mathematics, ASCM 2007, held in Singapore in December 2007.
Computer algebra and geometric algebra with applications ; 6th International Workshop, IWMM 2004, Shanghai, China, May 19-21, 2004 and International Workshop, GIAE 2004, Xian, China, May 24-28, 2004.Revised Selected Papers
MathematicsMechanization consistsoftheory,softwareandapplicationofc- puterized mathematical activities such as computing, reasoning and discovering. ItsuniquefeaturecanbesuccinctlydescribedasAAA(Algebraization,Algori- mization, Application). The name “Mathematics Mechanization” has its origin in the work of Hao Wang (1960s), one of the pioneers in using computers to do research in mathematics, particularly in automated theorem proving. Since the 1970s, this research direction has been actively pursued and extensively dev- oped by Prof. Wen-tsun Wu and his followers. It di?ers from the closely related disciplines like Computer Mathematics, Symbolic Computation and Automated Reasoning in that its goal is to make algorithmic studies and applications of mathematics the major trend of mathematics development in the information age.
Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2005 ; 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, February 7-11, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
The concept of CAST, computer aided systems Theory, was introduced by F. Pichler of Linz in the late 1980s to include those computer theoretical and practical developments used as tools to solve problems in system science. It was considered as the third component (the other two being CAD and CAM) that would provide for a complete picture of the path from computer and systems sciences to practical developments in science and engineering. Selected papers were published as Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science vols. 410, 585, 763, 1030, 1333, 1728, 2178 and 2809 and in several special issues of Cybernetics and Systems: an lnternational
Computational logic in multi-agent systems ; Vol. 3900 ; 6th International Workshop, CLIMA VI, London, UK, June 27-29, 2005, Revised Selected and Invited Papers
The book presents 14 revised full technical papers, 4 contest papers, and 7 invited papers together with 1 invited article are organized in topical sections on foundational aspects of agency, agent programming, agent interaction and normative systems, the first CLIMA contest, and on the project report of the SOCS project.
Computational logic in multi-agent systems ; Vol. 3487 ; 5th International Workshop, CLIMA V, Lisbon, Portugal, September 29-30, 2004, Revised Selected and Invited Papers
The notion of agency has recently increased its in?uence in the research and - velopment of computational logic based systems, while at the same time sign- cantly gaining from decades of research in computational logic. Computational logic provides a well-de?ned, general, and rigorous framework for studying s- tax, semantics and procedures, for implementations, environments, tools, and standards, facilitating the ever important link between speci?cation and ver- cation of computational systems. The purpose of the Computational Logic in Multi-agent Systems (CLIMA) international workshop series is to discuss techniques, based on computational logic, for representing, programming, and reasoning about multi-agent systems in a formal way. Former CLIMA editions were conducted in conjunction with other major computational logic and AI events Thesubmittedpapersshowedthatthelogicalfoundationsofmulti-agent systems are felt by a large community to be a very important research topic, upon which classical AI and agent-related issues are to be addressed.
