الصفحة 10
الصفحة 10
Perception and Illusion : Historical Perspectives
The understanding of perception is central to our knowledge of the mind. Yet paradoxically, this understanding was born of centuries of fascination with errors of human perception. Perception and Illusion: Historical Perspectives elegantly retraces this scientific journey, not only in terms of its trials and errors but in its complex relationships with painting and medicine, philosophy and physics.
Perceiving Geometry : Geometrical Illusions Explained by Natural Scene Statistics
Understanding vision, whether from a neurobiological, psychological or philosophical perspective, represents a daunting challenge that has been pursued for millennia. During at least the last few centuries, natural philosophers, and more recently vision scientists, have recognized that a fundamental problem in biological vision is that the physical sources underlying sensory stimuli are unknowable in any direct sense. In vision, because physical qualities are conflated when the 3-D world is projected onto the 2-D image plane of the retina, the provenance of light reaching the eye at any moment is inevitably uncertain. This quandary is referred to as the inverse optics problem. The relationship of the real world and the information conveyed to the brain by light present a profound problem. Successful behavior in a complex and potentially hostile environment clearly depends on responding appropriately to the sources of visual stimuli rather than to the physical characteristics of the stimuli as such. If the retinal images generated by light cannot specify the underlying reality an observer must deal with, how then does the visual system produce behavior that is generally successful? Perceiving Geometry considers the evidence that, with respect to the perception of geometry, the human visual system solves this problem by incorporating past human experience of what retinal images have typically corresponded to in the real world.
Pelvi-périnélogie = Pelvic floor
Offers a symptom-based approach because this is often the first link between patient and caregiver, but also because the language of complaints is perceived and understood by everyone, whether they are physicians, specialists, or not. Urologists, gynecologists, gastroenterologists, proctologists, surgeons, pediatricians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians, pain specialists, general practitioners, midwives, physiotherapists, and specialized nurses will therefore find this book of interest. Each can read at their own pace and according to their own needs: those in a hurry can get straight to the point by reading the summary boxes introducing each article in the ten main sections; those with a deeper curiosity can delve into the sixty-six chapters with their thousands of references. It is also a book of authors and not the book of one author because perineology is plural and complex, because it requires not one but several expertises in fields as vast as physiology, functional pathology, disorders of pelvic statics, post-traumatic or iatrogenic phenomena, infectious or inflammatory diseases, pain, the perineal expression of neurological diseases, malformative pathology or even cancer.
Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects
Pelli Clarke Pelli, founded in 1977 by Cesar Pelli, is an architectural office of worldwide renown. They are known in particular for their elegant and technically advanced tower designs. These are usually characterized by taut, seamless envelopes without exposed profiles – their visual structure is achieved by subtly staggered forms or variations in the color or materiality of the façade glazing. The unusual offi ce structure of Pelli Clarke Pelli informs the work: an almost craft-like perception of architectural design and a close personal relation with the client are typical for their approach. A model-making workshop within the offi ce helps to fi nd the appropriate form. Many projects also fulfi l urbanistic roles: They create urban spaces or act as iconic landmarks within the city fabric.
Peer-to-Peer Computing : Building Supercomputers with Web Technologies
Companies are again searching for ways to improve their processing power without further investment in new hardware and software. Many client computers are idle most of the time, and have unused disk space. The next logical step is to maximise the resources of these computers, and the peer-to-peer (P2P) model is the answer.
Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2005
Due to an increasing number of reported catastrophes all over the world, the safety especially of pedestrians today, is a dramatically growing field of interest, both for practitioners as well as scientists from various disciplines. The questions arising mainly address the dynamics of evacuating people and possible optimisations of the process by changing the architecture and /or the procedure. This concerns not only the case of ships, stadiums or buildings, all with restricted geometries, but also the evacuation of complete geographical regions due to natural disasters. Furthermore, also ‘simple’ crowd motion in ‘relaxed’ situations poses new questions with respect to higher comfort and efficiency since the number of involved persons at large events is as high as never before.
Patterns of Change : Linguistic Innovations in the Development of Classical Mathematics
Offers a reconstruction of linguistic innovations in the history of mathematics; innovations which changed the ways in which mathematics was done, understood and philosophically interpreted. It argues that there are at least three ways in which the language of mathematics has been changed throughout its history, thus determining the lines of development that mathematics has followed. One of these patterns of change, called a re-coding, generates two developmental lines. The first of them connecting arithmetic, algebra, differential and integral calculus and predicate calculus led to a gradual increase of the power of our calculating tools, turning difficult problems of the past into easy exercises. The second developmental line connecting synthetic geometry, analytic geometry, fractal geometry, and set theory led to a sophistication of the ways we construct geometrical objects, altering our perception of form and increasing our sensitivity to complex visual patterns.
Pattern Language for Game Design
Builds on the revolutionary work of architect Christopher Alexander to show students, teachers, and game development professionals how to derive best practices in all aspects of game design. Using a series of practical, rigorous exercises, designers can observe and analyze the failures and successes of the games they know and love to find the deep patterns that underlie good design. From an in-depth look at Alexander's work, to a critique of pattern theory in various fields, to a new approach that will challenge your knowledge and put it to work, this book seeks to transform how we look at building the interactive experiences that shape us
Parting the Cosmic Veil
Astronomers have used telescopes, operating at the visible wavelengths that we see with our eye, to reveal the true extent of the Milky Way and discover billions of remote galaxies that are rushing away from us in an expanding Universe. Each of these galaxies contains billions of stars wheeling around their massive central hub.Radio waves and X-rays, which lie beyond the range of visual perception, are used to detect a violent Universe, from exploding stars to gamma ray bursts and the Big Bang itself, with the associated discoveries of pulsars, black holes and quasars. Radio astronomers have also shown that the dark spaces between the stars contain vast tracts of cold hydrogen atoms and a host of molecules.
Parallel programming : for multicore and cluster systems ; 3rd ed.
Covers the new development in processor architecture and parallel hardware. It provides detailed descriptions of parallel programming techniques that are necessary for developing efficient programs for multicore processors as well as for parallel cluster systems and supercomputers. The book is structured in three main parts, covering all areas of parallel computing: the architecture of parallel systems, parallel programming models and environments, and the implementation of efficient application algorithms. The emphasis lies on parallel programming techniques needed for different architectures. In particular, this third edition includes an extended update of the chapter on computer architecture and performance analysis taking new developments such as the aspect of energy consumption into consideration.
Overcoming Insomnia
Nowadays, a high percentage of the population in modern society suffers from various kinds of sleep disturbances, due to the impact of increased physiological and socio-cultural stress factors. One of the most common sleep complaints, which the human being has suffered from since ancient times, is insomnia. Although its literal meaning is a total lack of sleep, in clinical and practical terms insomnia has come to refer to a difficulty in initiating and/or maintaining sleep, or non-restorative, non-refreshing sleep. In a survey conducted in the general population of different countries, the prevalence of insomnia was estimated to be about one third of the adult population.
Outdoor Lighting : Physics, Vision and Perception
This book covers theoretical aspects that are at the basis of lighting installations. It focuses on insight, backgrounds and coherence. There are many fundamental aspects that are essential for understanding why different ways to install and use lighting give different results. A purely pragmatic approach to solving practical lighting problems will lead to pitfalls. But as this book shows, on the basis of fundamental considerations on optics, light sources and vision, causes and effects that tend to be overlooked by lighting engineers and designers can be identified.
Outdoor Learning and Play : Pedagogical Practices and Children's Cultural Formation
Examines children’s participation in dialectical reciprocity with place-based institutional practices by presenting empirical research from Australia, Brazil, China, Poland, Norway and Wales. Underpinned by cultural-historical theory, the analysis reveals how outdoors and nature form unique conditions for children's play, formal and informal learning and cultural formation. The analysis also surfaces how inequalities exist in societies and communities, which often limit and constrain families' and children's access to and participation in outdoor spaces and nature. The findings highlight how institutional practices are shaped by pedagogical content, teachers' training, institutional regulations and societal perceptions of nature, children and suitable, sustainable education for young children. Due to crises, such as climate change and the recent pandemic, specific focus on the outdoors and nature in cultural formation is timely for the cultural-historical theoretical tradition. In doing so, the book provides empirical and theoretical support for policy makers, researchers, educators and families to enhance, increase and sustain outdoor and nature education.
Oriental Interiors : Design, Identity, Space
Explores the formation and perception of eastern-inspired interiors from an orientalist perspective. Orientalist spaces in the West have taken numerous forms since the 18th century to the present day, and the fifteen chapters in this collection reflect that diversity, dealing with subjects as varied and engaging as harems, Turkish baths on RMS Titanic, Parisian bachelor quarters, potted palms, and contemporary yoga studios. It explores how furnishings, surface treatments, ornament and music, for example, are deployed to enhance the exoticism and pleasures of oriental spaces, looking across a range of international locations.
Optical SuperComputing ; 1st International Workshop, OSC 2008, Vienna, Austria, August 26, 2008. Proceedings
Constitutes the refereed proceedings of the The International Workshop on Optical SuperComputing, OSC 2008, held in Vienna, Austria, August 2008 in conjunction with the 7th International Conference on Unconventional Computation UC 2008.OCS is a new annual forum for research presentations on all facets of optical computing for solving hard computation tasks. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Design of optical computing devices, electrooptics devices for interacting with optical computing devices, practical implementations, analysis of existing devices and case studies, optical and laser switching technologies, applications and algorithms for optical devices, alpha practical, x-rays and nano-technologies for optical computing.
Optical signal processing technologies for communication, computing, and sensing applications
Optical technology is one of the key technologies that have been widely used for communication, computing and sensing. By utilizing different degrees of freedom for photon, optical signals can be detected and processed in different dimensions including amplitude, phase, polarization, time, frequency, and spatial mode. Multidimensional signal processing technologies have thus been broadly studied for improving the performance of communication, sensing and even computing systems. Recently, innovative optical signal processing methods and devices have been emerged to serve those needs driven by applications including but not limited to optical fiber transmission, supercontinuum generation, phase conjugation, free space optical communication, optical beamforming, photonic integration, fiber amplification, pose estimation and so on.
Ondansetron Patches
The objective of this study was to develop the matrix of transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) of ondansetron hydrochloride (ODH), in which ondansetron is the first serotonin subtype 3 receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of postoperative, chemotherapy or radiotherapy induced emesis. It has been proven efficient and safe to treat such symptoms, by using in vitro drug release study and evaluate the effect of eucalyptus oil and different percentage of carbopol 940. The result of drug release decreased by increasing the percentage of carbopol 940 which achieved the purpose of the study by prolonging the release of the ondansetron . The patch provides a means to reduce the side effects associated with its oral therapy, avoidence of the first-pass metabolism and minimize inconsistency in absorption across GIT. Various types of transdermal patches are used to incorporate the active ingredients into the circulatory system via skin.
omputational science and its applications - ICCSA 2005 ; Vol. 3480 ; International Conference, Singapore, May 9-12, 2005, Proceedings, Part I
The four volume set assembled following The 2005 International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications, ICCSA 2005, held in Suntec International Convention and Exhibition Centre, Singapore, from 9 May 2005 till 12 May 2005, represents the ?ne collection of 540 refereed papers selected from nearly 2,700 submissions. Computational Science has ?rmly established itself as a vital part of many scienti?c investigations, a?ecting researchers and practitioners in areas ranging from applications such as aerospace and automotive, to emerging technologies such as bioinformatics and nanotechnologies, to core disciplines such as ma- ematics, physics, and chemistry. Due to the shear size of many challenges in computational science, the use of supercomputing, parallel processing, and - phisticated algorithms is inevitable and becomes a part of fundamental t- oretical research as well as endeavors in emerging ?elds.
Object Recognition, Attention, and Action
This book provides an excellent introduction to the issues that are involved, with chapters that address the ways in which humans and machines attend to, recognize, and act toward objects in the visual environment.
Novel NMR and EPR Techniques
This book delivers a survey of recent research in the fields of condensed matter physics and chemistry based on novel NMR and ESR techniques. Applications include quantum computing, metal nanoparticles, low dimensional magnets, fullerenes as atomic cages, superconductors, porous media, and laser assisted studies. The book is dedicated to Professor Robert Blinc, on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, in appreciation of his remarkable scientific accomplishments in the NMR of condensed matter.
