الصفحة 10
الصفحة 10
Gut orchestra : Micro-symphony turned onco-cacophony
The role of microbiota in colorectal cancer has been studied since alterations in its composition were observed. Ever since, there are more and more pieces of evidence that microbiota could be implicated in colorectal cancer progression. Thus, the components of the microbiota could be biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. It is truly important to address how the microbiota interacts with the host and how the host shapes the microbiota, in order to understand the biological pathways and mechanisms involved in their relationship and the consequences of their interactions in colorectal cancer.
Guide to Biomolecular Simulations
Molecular dynamics simulations have become instrumental in replacing our view of proteins as relatively rigid structures with the realization that they were dynamic systems, whose internal motions play a functional role. Over the years, such simulations have become a central part of biophysics. Applications of molecular dynamics in biophysics range over many areas. They are used in the structure determination of macromolecules with x-ray and NMR data, the modelling of unknown structures from their sequence, the study of enzyme mechanisms, the estimation of ligand-binding free energies, the evaluation of the role of conformational change in protein function, and drug design for targets of known structures.
Group B Coxsackieviruses
This monograph reviews information published since 1997 on the group B coxsackieviruses (CVB), a large and important group of human enteroviruses. The CVB were discovered in the mid-20th century, during the search for other poliovirus types, and within a very few years of this discovery, the CVB had been implicated as causes of human myocarditis and pancreatitis. The study of the CVB is still inextricably linked with the fate of their well-known relatives, the polioviruses, for as poliovirus eradication proceeds around the world, the CVB emerge more prominently as the enteroviruses best suited for continuing studies in enteroviral molecular biology as well as understanding the mechanisms underlying enteroviral pathogenesis. This volume reviews and presents modern views on the spectrum of CVB biologies, from interaction of the virus with its receptor through replication, speciation, and induction of disease.
Grid economics and business models ; 5th International workshop, GECON 2008, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, August 26, 2008. Proceedings
This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Grid Economics and Business Models, GECON 2008, held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, August 2008.The 10 full papers included in this volume were carefully selected from 27 submission. They aim at presenting current results and innovative research in the area of grid economics. The papers are organized in topical sections on grid business modeling, market mechanisms for the grid, grid markets, and grid architectures.The proceedings are rounded off by 9 project reports that give an overview of the current and ongoing research in grid economics.
Granular dynamic theory and its applications
Granular Dynamic Theory and Its Applications introduces both theory and applications in detail, including differential dynamical models of granular shearing, dynamical strength characteristics and the excited response of granules subject to vibration, granular liquefaction properties and the mechanisms under vibration, granular flow theory and vibration-aided flow, propagation laws of waves in granular media and their mechanism, fractal properties of granules, the vibrating ore-drawing technologies, and so on
Global Lessons from the AIDS Pandemic : Economic, Financial, Legal and Political Implications
This book examines the global HIV/AIDS pandemic from a multidisciplinary perspective, analyzing its economic impact, the reasons behind the political response to the pandemic, international laws relating to public health and patents and mechanisms for financing global and national responses. The authors paint a global picture of the HIV/AIDS pandemic one issue, one country and one region at a time and show why prevention, treatment and human rights protection must each form part of a comprehensive HIV/AIDS strategy. The book analyzes the successes and failures of national governments, international organizations and the private sector in fighting the HIV/AIDS pandemic and recommends changes to our international economic, financial, legal and political institutions. This book highlights the lessons the world has to learn from our experience with HIV/AIDS in order to improve the way we address global diseases.
Gettering Defects in Semiconductors
The authors address not only well-established gettering techniques but also describe contemporary trends in gettering technologies from an international perspective. The types and properties of structural defects in semiconductors, their generating and their transforming mechanisms during fabrication are described. The primary emphasis is placed on classifying and describing specific gettering techniques, their specificity arising from both their position in a general technological process and the regimes of their application. This book addresses both engineers and material scientists interested in semiconducting materials theory and also undergraduate and graduate students in solid–state microelectronics and nanoelectronics. A comprehensive list of references provides readers with direction for further reading.
Gesture in Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation ; 6th International Gesture Workshop, GW 2005, Berder Island, France, May 18-20, 2005, Revised Selected Papers
The international Gesture Workshops have become the leading interdisciplinary events for dissemination of the latest results on gesture-based communication. The goal of these workshops is to bring together researchers who want to meet and share ideas on advanced research on gesture related to multidisciplinary scienti?c ?elds. Depending on the ?elds, the objectives can be very di?erent. While physiology and biomechanics aim to extract fundamental knowledge of physical gesture, computer sciences try to capture di?erent aspects of gesture and extract features that help to identify, interpret or rebuild the underlying mechanisms of communication gestures. Other approaches and methodologies are followed by cognitive sciences and linguistics, bringing a complementary - derstanding of motor control and gesture meaning. The results can be enhanced by technological applications or demonstrations.
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
This book presents all issues of earthquake geotechnical engineering in a comprehensive way. It summarizes the present knowledge on earthquake hazards and their causative mechanisms, experimental studies on nonlinear complex soil behaviour, an analysis to predict ground behaviour during earthquakes, field studies to determine nature of real ground as input data for analysis, and damage mitigation technologies.
Genomics in Endocrinology : DNA Microarray Analysis in Endocrine Health and Disease
Genomics in Endocrinology focuses on exciting new advances in endocrinology resulting from DNA microarray studies and includes a comprehensive introduction to the use of DNA microarrays in endocrinology. The volume provides the basis for further understanding of the usefulness of microarray analyses in endocrinology research.
Genetic control of neuronal migrations in human cortical development
Introduction Cortical development is a complex, tightly regulated process that eventually leads to the six-layered adult human neocortex, the substrate of the unique cognitive, emotional, and social abilities of our species. The basic mechanisms of early cortical development are believed to be very similar among mammals, which has led to a tendency of extrapolating experimental data from rodents on humans.
General Equilibrium and Welfare Economics : An Introduction
A good basic understanding of general equilibrium theory is a fundamental and indispensable background for advanced work in virtually any sub-field of economics; and a thorough understanding of the methods of welfare economics, particularly in a general equilibrium context, is indispensable for investigators undertaking applied policy analysis. This book addresses these needs and requirements by emphasizing the basic underpinnings of general equilibrium and welfare economics. In particular, the theory of choice, which is fundamental to both areas, is developed in a very comprehensive and rigorous fashion. Moreover, extensive use is made of examples, both of the simple type intended to bolster the student’s understanding of the basic concepts, and those illustrating the application of the material to field areas in economics.
Gender Equality Programmers in Higher Education : International Perspectives
For the last twenty years gender equality has been on the agenda of national higher education policies both within Europe and beyond it.the authors of this book analyse under which circumstances equality programmes are successful. In order to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of and barriers to gender equality in higher education this book presents comparative studies and research focusing on the development of gender equality policies in different countries, as well as studies on the conditions for implementing policies, changes in strategies and the evaluation of gender equality programmes.
Garlic Extract : Interaction with mechanisms of bacterial resistance
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a medicinal plant which has a diverse biological activities including antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity and others… In this article we are focusing on its antimicrobial effect which had been tested individually and in combination with two resisted antibiotics (Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin) on 3 gram negative bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes) to estimate the effect of garlic extract on the activity of the resisted drugs and bacterial resistance mechanism.
Galactose Regulon of Yeast : From Genetics to Systems Biology
The galactose regulon of yeast is one of the best studied regulons. It is an ideal paradigm for demonstrating fundamental and evolving concepts in biology and is used in this book as a model system to explain various facets of conventional and modern biology. The book starts with a brief historical overview on yeast research, i.e. early observations in enzyme adaptation, classical genetics, formulating hypotheses based on genetic inference. This is followed by molecular genetics of the galactose regulon, isolation of genes and testing of the hypotheses. The power of mutational analysis in deciphering molecular mechanisms is conveyed. Further, contemporary topics such as genomics, evolution, single cell analysis of transcriptional switching, binary and graded responses, biological consequences of feed back regulation in genetic circuits, and stochasticity are addressed.
Future approaches for safe and effective pain management
Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. It is subjective and considered an important physiological mechanism by which humans prevent themselves from developing tissue injury. However, pain patients do not respond to treatment in the same way, which makes it challenging to issue a consistent treatment for all pain conditions. Excessive pain can markedly increase psychological health problems and decrease health‐related quality of life; therefore, pain should be managed appropriately by analgesics. Analgesics act in various ways on the peripheral and central pain pathways and are regarded as one of the most valuable but equally dangerous groups of medications. Individual variability in pain perception and differences in the efficacy of analgesic drugs are complex phenomena and are partly genetically predetermined. Pain severities as well as responses to analgesics, can also be very variable among sufferer.
Fungi as an Alternative Source of Anticancer and Antioxidant
Fungi are an " excellent but underexplored source " for new therapeutic compounds. The limited availability of bioactive principles in plant sources could be surpassed by exploiting the chemical entities in the endophytes fungi . fungi represent a rich source of bioactive metabolite that can manipulated to produce desirable novel analogs. In addition to the active substances that can be extracted from the fungi, so that they are useful in several mechanisms. Exploring and exploiting of metabolites from endophytic in terrestrial, mangrove and marine habitats may provide an avenue for discovery of drug candidates against deadly human disease. This review focuses on the production of antioxidant and anticancer from severa fungi habitats.
Fungal Immunology: From an Organ Perspective
This book will serve as a comprehensive review of all known immune mechanisms for common medically important fungal pathogens. Its novelty lies in the organization: Rather than chapters devoted to specific fungi, chapters are organized by organ system. All other texts in the field, which are now quite old, are arranged according to specific fungi.
Fungal Genomics
Presents an overview on mutualistic and pathogenic interactions between fungi and plants. This book offers reviews on fungal lifestyles, mechanisms of their interactions with their host plants, signal perception and transduction, and plant defense responses directed against attack by fungal pathogens. It is suitable for students in microbiology.
Funds, Flows and Time : An Alternative Approach to the Microeconomic Analysis of Productive Activities
The subject of this book is production, which is an important and extensive field in economic science. In fact, production, distribution and consump tion were long considered the three federated kingdoms which together formed the great empire of the economy. According to other slightly dif ferent traditions, production also held pride of place, specifically as a basic link in the long chain of social reproduction. Today, whatever the theoreti cal approach, production is a fundamental requirement for human survival. This was not, however, always the case. For much of the history of man kind hominids were hunter, scavenger and gatherers, with very little con trol over their environment, and extremely little in the way of artefacts with which to work. However, since the Neolithic revolution, productive processes have constituted an essential mechanism, providing human soci ety with goods and services to satisfy its needs and cravings.
