الصفحة 10
الصفحة 10
Fractional order systems and applications in engineering
Covers the fundamentals of fractional calculus together with some analytical and numerical techniques, and provides MATLAB® codes for the simulation of fractional-order control (FOC) systems. The use of fractional calculus can improve and generalize well-established control methods and strategies. Many different FOC schemes are presented for control and dynamic systems problems. These extend to the challenging control engineering design problems of robust and nonlinear control. Practical material relating to a wide variety of applications including, among others, mechatronics, civil engineering, irrigation and water management, and biological systems is also provided.
Fractals in Biology and Medicine : Beyond Planting Trees
This volume it highlights the potential that fractal geometry offers for elucidating and explaining the complex make-up of cells, tissues and biological organisms either in normal or in pathological conditions, including the structural changes that occur in tumours. It helps develop the concepts, questions and methods required in research on fractal biology and natural phenomena and to evidence the pitfalls of a too simplistic application of these principles in investigating topical subjects of biology and medicine. It discusses present and future applications of fractal geometry, bringing together cellular and molecular biology, engineering, mathematics, physics, medicine and other disciplines and allowing an interdisciplinary vision.
Foundations of Systematics and Biogeography
the book highlights three principal messages: biological classifications and their explanatory mechanisms are separate notions; most, if not all, homology concepts pre-date the works of Darwin; and that the foundation of all comparative biology is the concept of relationship - neither 'similarity' nor 'genealogical hypotheses of descent' are sufficient. Foundations of Systematics and Biogeography is an ideal volume for students, academics, researchers and professionals in the fields of systematics, biogeography, evolutionary biology and palaeontology.
Foundations of Global Genetic Optimization
This book is devoted to the application of genetic algorithms in continuous global optimization. Some of their properties and behavior are highlighted and formally justified. Various optimization techniques and their taxonomy are the background for detailed discussion. The nature of continuous genetic search is explained by studying the dynamics of probabilistic measure, which is utilized to create subsequent populations. This approach shows that genetic algorithms can be used to extract some areas of the search domain more effectively than to find isolated local minima. The biological metaphor of such behavior is the whole population surviving by rapid exploration of new regions of feeding rather than caring for a single individual. One group of strategies that can make use of this property are two-phase global optimization methods. In the first phase the central parts of the basins of attraction are distinguished by genetic population analysis. Afterwards, the minimizers are found by convex optimization methods executed in parallel.
Formal Methods in Systems Biology ; 1st International Workshop, FMSB 2008, Cambridge, UK, June 4-5, 2008. Proceedings
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Workshop on Formal Methods in Systems Biology, FMSB 2008, held in Cambridge, UK, in June, 2008.The 9 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from the workshop lectures that all were invited contributions. The purpose of this meeting was to identify techniques for the specification, development and verification of biological models. It also focused on the design of tools to execute and analyze biological models that can significantly advance our understanding of biological systems.
Forest Entomology in West Tropical Africa : Forests Insects of Ghana
The forests of West Africa are complex, beautiful and under continued threat of over exploitation. This monograph, in its second edition, remains the only comprehensive source of information on economically important forest insects in West Africa. Many pest insects discussed in this book have the potential to greatly alter the utilization of these valuable tropical forests. Several key pests such as mahogany shoot borer, odum gallfly and pests of endangered tree species like Pericopsis, are extensively discussed. This comprehensive treatise of insects includes information on the general forest cover types and insects of utilitarian value. The book will be a great value to foresters, forest entomologists, researchers, conservation biologists and others with a basic biological interest in West Africa forests.
Forest Entomology in East Africa : Forest Insects of Tanzania
East African forests, among the world’s most biologically rich and diverse, are subject to multiple pressures, including insects. As the first work to focus exclusively on East African forest insects, this monograph distils 135 years of scientific and historical literature extending from before the colonial era to the present into an authoritative survey of this region’s major pests of trees and wood, as well as their antagonists. This comprehensive treatise also addresses insects of social and economic importance, such as endemics, edible and collectible insects, wild bees and silk producers. It should be of great value to foresters, entomologists, conservation biologists, resource managers, safari outfitters and anyone else interested in the natural history of this fascinating region.
Forest Diversity and Function : Temperate and Boreal Systems
One of the central research themes in ecology is evaluating the extent to which biological richness is necessary to sustain the Earth's system and the functioning of individual ecosystems. In this volume, for the first time, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem processes in forests is thoroughly explored. The text examines the multiple effects of tree diversity on productivity and growth, biogeochemical cycles, animals, pests, and disturbances.
Food Safety and Ways to Prevent Life-Threatening Pollutants
The fears regarding food safety started long time ago, and till this very moment of ours, the international organizations and INGOs pay lots of hard work to minimize and achieve reduction in the effects and the suffering caused to people around the world by contaminated foods each year. This research talks about the main patterns of food contaminants, and they are chemical, physical, biological, and last but not least the contamination caused by radioactive substances. It is also important to talk about the methods of precaution and protection against the diseases and illnesses produced by contaminated foods, as well about the role of INGOs which are dedicated and specialized in law and regulations enactment for bounding the incidence of food contamination in the world, for raising the public awareness towards food safety, and to keep up with the latest updates of events. This research also contains vast Information about Covid-19 and its spreading process via contaminated food.
Food safety and toxicology : Present and future perspectives
Safety assurance of consumer goods has become a global challenge. The presence of natural and synthetic contaminants in food compromises food safety and poses a risk to public health. Discusses biological and chemical food contaminants, predictive and detection methods of food toxicants, survival mechanism of food pathogens, legislation on microbial contaminants to prevent public health risks and strategies to mitigate contamination.
Food irradiation
Treatment of food by specific ionizing radiations to improve microbiological safety and storability is one of the most extensively studied technology of the XXth century. However, much of the research has been carried out in laboratories and it is still relatively underutilized commercially. Its application potential is very diverse, from inhibition of sprouting of tubers and bulbs to production of commercially sterile food products. The safety of consumption and wholesomeness of irradiated food have been extensively studied in international cooperations. Numerous international expert groups set up jointly by the FAO, the IAEA and the WHO, or the Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission concluded that foods irradiated with appropriate technologies are both safe and nutritionally adequate. A Codex General Standard for Irradiated Foods and a Recommended International Code of Practice for Radiation Processing of Food have been developed.
Fondamenti di ingegneria clinica ; Vol.2 : Ecotomografia = Fundamentals of clinical engineering ; Vol.2 : Ultrasound
With the second volume of Clinical Engineering, the Author intends to provide an updated scientific-didactic overview of the physical principles of ultrasound, of the technology and of the implementation aspects of the ecotomograph.
Fluorescence of supermolecules, polymers, and nanosystems
The field of fluorescence continues to steadily grow, both in its fundamental aspects and in applications in highly interdisciplinary areas including analytical, physical and organic chemistry, molecular sciences, biology, biomedicine and medical research. The 4th volume in the Springer Series on Fluorescence focuses on the fluorescence of nanosystems, polymers and supermolecules, and the development and application of fluorescent probes. Special emphasis is placed on the fluorescence of artificial and biological nanosystems, single molecule fluorescence and the luminescence of polymers, micro- and nanoparticles and nanotubes. Fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy are covered as well. Historical aspects of this growing field and an overview of fluorescence applications are also provided.
Fluid Transport in Nanoporous Materials : Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in La Colle sur Loup, France, 16-28 June 2003
The most promising include molecular sieves which are being developed as inorganic or polymeric systems with 0. 3-30nm in pore dimensions. These nanoporous solids have a broad spectrum of applications in chemical and biochemical processes. The unique applications of molecular sieves are based on their sorption and transport selectivity. Yet, the transport processes in nanoporous systems are not understood well. At the same time, the theoretical capabilities have increased exponentially catalyzed by increases in computational capabilities. The interactions between a diffusing species and the host solid are being studied with increasing details and realism. Further, in situ experimental techniques have been developed which give an understanding of the interactions between diffusing species and nanoporous solids that was not available even a few years ago. The time was ripe to bring together these areas of common interest and study to understand what is known and what has yet to be determined concerning transport in nanoporous solids. Molecular sieves are playing an increasing role in a broad range of industrial petrochemical and biological processes. These include shape-selective separations and catalysis as well as sensors and drug delivery. Molecular sieves are made from inorganic as well as organic solids, e. g. , polymers. They can be employed in packed beds, as membranes and as barrier materials. Initially, the applications of molecular sieves were dominated by the use of zeolites.
Flowing Matter
This book presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter.
Flow cytometry : Principles and applications
Flow cytometry forms an integral part of both basic biological research and clinical diagnosis in pathology. This straightforward new volume provides a clear, easy-to-read, and practical manual for both clinicians and non-clinicians at all levels of their careers. The chapter topics range from basic principles to more advanced subjects, such as apoptosis and cell sorting. Throughout Flow Cytometry: Principles and Applications, well-informed expert contributors present theoretical descriptions and practical protocols on this important and complex laboratory technique and its applications. Immunologists and Hematologists in the field of pathology, as well as biological researchers working with both human and animal models will appreciate the simple, clear-cut style in which principles and protocols in this volume are presented, and will refer to this book time and time again for clear and easy-to-follow protocols.
Filoviruses : A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies
This book summarizes in detail the contemporary knowledge of filoviruses and diseases they cause. Almost the entirety of the open literature on filoviruses, covering all major scientific and clinical fields, is referenced and summarized in this text, including most of the conference abstracts, book chapters, dissertations, government reports, patents, theses, and journal publications in many languages.
FASTtrack : Pharmaceutics - dosage form and design
Discusses an array of major dosage forms that are commonly encountered by pharmacists in professional practice. Essential information concerning the formulation of these dosage forms is delivered in a format that will aid your understanding and remove the complexities of the various topics.
Fast Motions in Biomechanics and Robotics : Optimization and Feedback Control
In the past decades, much progress has been made in the field of walking robots. The current state of technology makes it possible to create humanoid robots that nearly walk like a human being, climb stairs, or avoid small - stacles. However, the dream of a robot running as fast and as elegantly as a human is still far from becoming reality. Control of such fast motions is still a big technological issue in robotics, and the maximum running speed of contemporary robots is still much smaller than that of human track runners. The conventional control approach that most of these robots are based on does not seem to be suitable to increase the running speeds up to a biological level.
Facts about the most three common types of cancer in Syria
Cancer occurs when the cellular reproduction process goes out of control. In other words, cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled, uncoordinated and undesirable cell division. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells continue to grow and divide for their whole lives, replicating into more and more harmful cells. But death rates are falling, thanks to earlier detection of tumours and improved use of existing treatments - mainly chemotherapy biological therapy and radiotherapy. And today Our research tends to spot the light on the most common types of cancers in Syria which was found to be lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer.
