الصفحة 1
الصفحة 1
Observing the Volcano World : Volcano Crisis Communication
This book provides a comprehensive overview of volcanic crisis research, the goal being to establish ways of successfully applying volcanology in practice and to identify areas that need to be addressed for future progress. It shows how volcano crises are managed in practice, and helps to establish best practices. Consequently the book brings together authors from all over the globe who work with volcanoes, ranging from observatory volcanologists, disaster practitioners and government officials to NGO-based and government practitioners to address three key aspects of volcanic crises.
Observation of the Earth System from Space
A special highlight is the - termination of seasonal gravity variations caused by changes in continental water masses. For GOCE, to be launched in 2006, new gravity field analysis methods are under development and integrated into the ESA processing s- tem. 200,000 GPS radio occultation pro?les, observed by CHAMP, have been processed on an operational basis. They represent new and excellent inf- mation on atmospheric refractivity, temperature and water vapor. These new developments require geodetic space techniques (such as VLBI, SLR, LLR, GPS) to be combined and synchronized as if being one global instrument.
Nutrition and Physical Activity : Health Information Sources in EU Member States, and Activities in the Commission, WHO, and European Networks
Awareness of the importance of nutrition and physical activity for good health has given rise to a multitude of projects with different scopes and methodologies. This book aims to summarize the activities carried out by the EU countries to address these determinants of health.
Nuclear Fission and Cluster Radioactivity : An Energy-Density Functional Approach
It is the first application to nuclear physics from energy-density functional method, for which Professor Walter Kohn received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The book presents a comprehensive extension of the Bohr-Wheeler theory with the present knowledge of nuclear density distribution function.
Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis : Water, Elements and Gas, Utilizing Radiation and Radioisotopes
This book is only an introduction to show that radiation and radioisotopes (RI) are premier tools to study living plant physiology which leads to new findings. Who had ever imagined that we could see water in a plant? Who had ever imagined that we could see ions moving toward roots in solution? Who had ever imagined that we could see invisible gas (CO2) fixation and movement in a plant? These studies demonstrated for the first time that water, ions and gas can be visualized in living plants, which could be hardly seen by anyone before. This publication summarizes the results obtained by Nakanishi’s lab in The Univ. of Tokyo, based on her original concept and her original tools or systems. It is useful for professional scientists, plant physiologist, and those studying plant imaging.
Novel mouse model for future autism research
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by a deficit in social behaviors and nonverbal interactions such as reduced eye contact, facial expression, and body gestures in the first 3 years of life. It is not a single disorder, and it is broadly considered to be a multi-factorial disorder resulting from genetic and non-genetic risk factors and their interaction. Genetic studies of ASD have identified mutations that interfere with typical neurodevelopment in utero through childhood. These complexes of genes have been involved in synaptogenesis and axon motility. Recent developments in neuroimaging studies have provided many important insights into the pathological changes that occur in the brain of patients with ASD in vivo. Especially, the role of amygdala, a major component of the limbic system and the affective loop of the cortico-striatothalamo-cortical circuit, in cognition and ASD has been proved in numerous neuropathological and neuroimaging studies.
Noncommunicable diseases
Focuses on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory disease and their five shared main risk factors (tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and air pollution) as defined by the United Nations, this book provides a synopsis of one of the world’s biggest challenges of the 21st century. NCDs prematurely claim the lives of millions of people across the world every year, with untold suffering to hundreds of millions more, trapping many people in poverty and curtailing economic growth and sustainable development. While resources between and within countries largely differ, the key principles of surveillance, prevention and management apply to all countries, as does the need to focus resources on the most cost-effective and affordable interventions and the need for strong political will, sufficient resources, and sustained and broad partnerships. This compendium consists of 59 short and accessible chapters in six sections: (i) describing and measuring the burden and impact of NCDs / (ii) the burden, epidemiology and priority interventions for individual NCDs / (iii) social determinants and risk factors for NCDs and priority interventions / (iv) global policy / (v) cross-cutting issues / and (vi) stakeholder action.
New Frontiers in Lifestyle-Related Diseases
Akiyoshi Hosoyamada, M.D., Ph.D. President, Showa University Tokyo, Japan September 2007 v Preface The leading cause of death in Western countries and some developing countries is atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Among them, acute myocardial infarction is the most common type of fatal disease, caused by the progression of atherosclerosis characterized by accumulation of choles terol in vascular walls. Development of atherosclerosis is greatly enhanced by major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as obesity, hyperlip idemia, diabetes (hyperglycemia), and hypertension. Among those, obesity frequently initiates a metabolic change that subsequently induces hyperlip idemia, diabetes, hypertension, and eventually atherosclerotic cardiovascu lar diseases. Because obesity and its related disorders largely depend on lifestyle factors such as high calorie intake and low physical activity, a series of disorders are termed lifestyle-related diseases.
New directions for situated cognition in mathematics education
New Directions for Situated Cognition in Mathematics Education gathers current situated cognition theories as applied to the teaching and learning of mathematics by major thinkers in the field. Arranged to be read cover to cover or by the individual chapter, this unique volume examines situated cognition in all levels and contexts of math instruction, in traditional school settings, in adult education, at home, on the job, or on the street. Well-known authorities explore beyond traditional concepts of good practice and the relationship between knowledge and the learner while synthesizing insights from related perspectives, including semiotics, activity theory, ardinas practice, and Moll’s concept of funds of knowledge.
Neutrophil : Methods and Protocols
Neutrophils, the most abundant white cells in humans, serve as the primary cellular defense against infection. This volume provides a concise set of protocols for assessing basic neutrophil functions and investigating specialized areas in neutrophil biology. Each of the protocols is written by leading researchers in the field and includes hints for success, as well as guidance for troubleshooting. Part I contains overviews of neutrophil biology, function, and disorders. Part II describes commonly used methods to isolate neutrophils from humans and other animal species. Part III details methods for investigating chemotaxis, transmigration, phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity. Part IV includes protocols that measure neutrophil apoptosis, calcium signal transduction, degranulation and detection of cytoplasmic granules, gene expression, transcription factors, and apoptosis. Part V provides multiple assays for measuring production of intracellular and/or extracellular reactive oxygen species, and a method that details use of the cell-free NADPH oxidase assay, an iconic assay for studies of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase. Part VI provides chapters that describe how to analyze formation and function of neutrophil extracellular traps.
Neutrino Geophysics ; Proceedings of Neutrino Sciences 2005
This volume presents a collection of recent articles primarily documenting the nascent science of neutrino geophysics. Most of the articles followed from talks given at Neutrino Sciences 2005: Neutrino Geophysics held at the University of Hawaii in December 2005. However, several other key contributions were solicited to make the collection as comprehensive as possible, enhancing the value of this book.The book offers a unique status report on neutrino geophysics to the expert researcher, as well as a comprehensive introduction into this new field of science to graduate students.
Neurotransmitter Transporters
The present volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology gives a representative survey of the current status of the structure, function, regulation and molecular pharmacology of Neurotransmitter Transporters and aims at providing an overview of insights that were generated in the past 5 years. If the volume serves as both, a useful compendium of current concepts and an inspiring starting point, it will have fulfilled its mission and will be a source for students interested in this emerging field as well as for experienced scientists looking for an update. This volume is the brainchild of the editor-in-chief of the HEP series, Klaus Starke, awe-inspiring to all pharmacologists of younger generations.
Neuropsychiatric Disorders : An Integrative Approach
This multidisciplinary book includes current research papers and reviews in the areas of basic neuroscience, neural mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders. It further includes new approaches for neuroprotective treatments, clinical, neurobiological and treatment aspects of psychiatric disorders. The book was conceived as a celebration of the professional life and work of Peter Riederer to mark the occasion of his retirement.
Neuroeconomia, neuromarketing e processi decisionali = Neuroeconomics, neuromarketing and decision-making processes
The book covers a sector, that of the application of modern neuroscience techniques to the fields of economics and marketing, recently born and of great interest to the public, to advertisers as well as to neuroscience scholars. The book presents, in plain language and not for experts in the field, the structure and functioning of the brain (as it is known today) during human decision-making processes. Of interest is the analysis of how the different neuronal systems within the brain can cooperate with each other in generating decisions. All this simple physiological treatment is inserted in the context of the analysis of brain activity while watching commercial clips. In the original study presented in this book, the variables involved were those related to the recall of television advertising in a sample of normal young subjects. This study is simply the first that is carried out of this type in Italy and will be intended to be a reference point for subsequent studies in the sector.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
The book comprises a number of topics related to psychosocial and motor development and is exemplary with regard to its comprehensiveness, as reviews of the topics presented are generally not available in a single publication. It starts with a timely and critical discussion of the genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by Dr. Buitelaar in which prospects and challenges of this approach are outlined. The next chapter by Drs. Nicolson and Fawcett deals with dyslexia and its relationship to cerebellar function providing a framework that can explain motor, speed, and phonological deficits in a unified approach. Diagnostic and treatment aspects of speech development disorders are the focus of Dr. Zorowka’s contribution in which, among other issues, the necessity of mul- professional cooperation is stressed. Dr. Sigmundsson then focuses on disorders of motor development. 6-10 % of children have motor competence well below the norm, which often persist.
Neurobiology of Exceptionality
Nurture or nature? Biology or environment? Why are some people intelligent, or personable, or creative and others obtuse, or shy, or unimaginative? Although each human being is a unique mixture of positive and negative traits and behaviors, the question remains: What is the neurobiological basis for each individual’s makeup? For example, why does one person suffer from a disorder (e.g., ADHD, autism, mental retardation) and another lives free of maladies?
Neuroactive Steroids in Brain Function, Behavior and Neuropsychiatric Disorders : Novel Strategies for Research and Treatment
Over the past few decades the involvement of neurosteroids in brain function and mental health has attracted much interest, not only from a neuroscience perspective, but also from clinical and therapeutic aspects. In recent years, much of the research has focused on the multifunctional position of neurosteroids in the nervous system. The areas that have been explored, in particular, are the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the activity of neurosteroids in the brain, the role of neurosteroids in brain development, neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity, and their pharmacological properties. The large increase in the number of publications highlights this amplified interest in neurosteroids. Over the last 7 years at least 400 papers have been published describing the putative role of neurosteroids in the modulation of basic brain function and in the etiology and treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Natural occurrence and biological activities of quinoline derivatives
Provides a comprehensive overview of quinoline derivatives, focusing on their chemical structure, biological activities, and therapeutic benefits. It delves into the natural sources of these derivatives, covering their isolation, characterization, and potential therapeutic applications, particularly in areas such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antimalarial activity. With its emphasis on providing valuable reference material, this book is an indispensable resource for researchers, educators, and professionals in the fields of chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and drug discovery.
Nanotechnology in Catalysis 3
This book is the third volume of Nanotechnology in Catalysis. Although has been only 2 years since the Volumes 1 and 2 were published, many new contributions and breakthroughs have been made by researchers all over the world, showing the dynamic of nanotechnology in catalysis area. The topics in the book are the most up-to-date information on the forefront of nanotechnology development in catalysis field. They include the new concept and applications of nanotechnology for catalysis, the preparation and characterization of nanoparticle and nanostructure catalysts, and the examples of the superior activity and selectivity achieved by using such nanocatalysts. This book provides an in-depth understanding of how nanotechnology can affect the future generation of catalyst development.
Nanocatalysis
Nanocatalysis is one of the most exciting subfields to have emerged from nanoscience. Its central aim is the control of chemical reactions by changing the size, dimensionality, chemical composition and morphology of the reaction center and by changing the kinetics using nanopatterning of the reaction centers. This approach opens up new avenues for atom-by-atom design of nanocatalysts with distinct and tunable chemical activity, specificity, and selectivity. This book is intended to give a pedagogical and methodological overview of this exciting and growing field and to highlight specific examples of current research. In this way, it serves both as an instructive introduction for graduate students who plan to enter the field and as a reference work for scientists already active in this and related areas.
