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Biological Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy
Biological Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy is the first book to address both of these aspects of biological LVSEM. After providing a thorough description of the unique advantages and the operating constraints related to operating a scanning electron microscope at low beam voltage, the remainder of book focuses on the the best way to image all types of plant and animal cells and covers specimens that range from macromolecules to the surfaces revealed by de-embedding resin-embedded samples. Advanced specimen preparation techniques such as cryo-LVSEM, and immuno-gold-LVSEM are fully covered, as is x-ray microanalysis at low beam voltage and live-time stereo imaging. The preparative protocols provided represent the distilled essence of the experience of a group of world-renowned authors who have, for many decades, been instrumental in developing and applying new approaches to LVSEM to support their own biological research.
Low-Power Low-Voltage Sigma-Delta Modulators in Nanometer CMOS
At the system level, a novel systematic study on the full feedforward Sigma-Delta topology is presented in this book. As a design example, a fourth-order single-loop full feedforward Sigma-Delta modulator design in a 130-nm pure digital CMOS technology is presented. This design is the first design using the full feedforward Sigma-Delta topology and reaches the highest conversion speed among all the 1-V Sigma-Delta modulators to date.
Analog-baseband architectures and circuits For multistandard and lowvoltage wireless transceivers
"Analog-Baseband Architectures and Circuits reviews the fundamentals and studies the state-of-the-art multistandard transceivers before describing novel architectural and circuit techniques for implementing multimode and wideband (tens of MHz) baseband analog front-ends under low-voltage constraints. Techniques developed on architecture level for efficient system-in-package (SiP) integration, testability and multi-standardability; and on circuit level for reducing the required supply voltage, power and area are generally applicable for most wireless systems, and are somewhat independent to technology scaling. Experimental 1-V baseband building blocks (i.e., double-quadrature-downconversion filter, programmable-gain amplifier and dc-offset canceler) and a 1-V fully-integrated receiver analog-baseband chain for IEEE 802.11a/b/g WLAN validate the techniques. The implementations are all in standard-VTH CMOS process, and no voltage boosting is required at any node." "Analog-Baseband Architectures and Circuits will be relevant to system architects, circuit designers, professors and students engaged in wireless transceiver front-ends research and development."
Adaptive Multi-Standard RF Front-Ends
Adaptive Multi-Standard RF Front-Ends investigates solutions, benefits, limitations and costs related to multi-standard operation of RF front-ends and their adaptivity to variable radio environments. Next, it highlights the optimization of RF front-ends that allow achieving of maximal performance with a certain power budget while targeting full integration. Also, it investigates possibilities for low-voltage low-power circuit topologies in CMOS technology.
