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Mathematical and Computational Models for Congestion Charging
This book presents rigorous treatments of issues related to congestion pricing. The chapters describe recent advances in areas such as mathematical and computational models for predicting traffic congestion, determining when, where, and how much to levy tolls, and analyzing the impact of tolls on transporation systems. The analyses and methodologies developed in this book provide Mechanisms that aid in determining and comparing congestion pricing schemes; Methodologies for evaluating the efficiency of existing and proposed congestion pricing schemes; A means to predict the impact of pricing on urban transporation systems; and Information essential to the financial and political success of congestion pricing programs.
Math Everywhere : Deterministic and Stochastic Modelling in Biomedicine, Economics and Industry
These proceedings are reporting on the conference ''Math Everywhere", a successful event celebrating a leading scientist, promoting ideas he pursued and sharing the open atmosphere he is known for. The areas of the contributions are the following , Deterministic and Stochastic Systems. Mathematical Problems in Biology, Medicine and Ecology, Mathematical Problems in Industry and Economics.
Materials Issues for Generation IV Systems ; Status, Open Questions and Challenges
Global warming, shortage of low-cost oil resources and the increasing demand for energy are currently controlling the world's economic expansion while often opposing desires for sustainable and peaceful development. In this context, atomic energy satisfactorily fulfills the criteria of low carbon gas production and high overall yield. However, in the absence of industrial fast-breeders the use of nuclear fuel is not optimal, and the production of high activity waste materials is at a maximum. These are the principal reasons for the development of a new, fourth generation of nuclear reactors, minimizing the undesirable side-effects of current nuclear energy production technology while increasing yields by increasing operation temperatures and opening the way for the industrial production of hydrogen through the decomposition of water.
Materials for Tomorrow : Theory, Experiments and Modelling
This book contains six chapters on central topics in materials science. Each is written by specialists in the field, and gives a state-of-the-art presentation of the subject for graduate students and scientists not necessarily working in that field. Computer simulations of new materials, theory and experimental work are all extensively discussed. As nanomaterials are of great current interest, most of the topics discussed have a bearing on nanomaterials and nanodevices. In addition to inorganic nanotubes, metallic nanocrystals, electronic nanodevices, spintronics and interfaces on an atomic scale, the text also presents computer simulations on one of the less well understood fields in solid-state physics and materials science: glasses and undercooled fluids.
Material Inhomogeneities and their Evolution : A Geometric Approach
The first part of the book deals with the geometrical description of uniform bodies and their homogeneity (i.e., integrability) conditions. In the second part, a theory of material evolution is developed and its relevance in various applied contexts discussed. The necessary geometrical notions are introduced as needed in the first two parts but often without due attention to an uncompromising mathematical rigour. This task is left for the third part of the book, which is a highly technical compendium of those concepts of modern differential geometry that are invoked in the first two parts (differentiable manifolds, Lie groups, jets, principal fibre bundles, G-structures, connections, frame bundles, integrable prolongations, groupoids, etc.).
Matematica generale con il calcolatore
By introducing mathematical objects, it teaches students how to use a computer to perform numerical and symbolic calculations, define a function and calculate its values, plot and explore graphs, and execute simple algorithms. The course is rich in examples, applications, and models, drawn from economics, physics, biology, statistics, and mathematics itself. The analysis of these models constitutes, in a certain sense, the true purpose of the mathematical theory covered. Automatic calculation tools (mathematics software, spreadsheets) are used extensively to explore and illustrate concepts and properties. Mathcad® software, in particular, was used, both as a calculation tool and as a simple yet powerful programming language. Considerable space is devoted to approximation, emphasizing the distinction between numerical and symbolic calculation; to algorithms as a synthesis of the syntactic and semantic aspects of mathematical objects; and to computer simulation, interpreted as a "physical" experiment and a source of conjecture. The ability to use a calculator marks a sort of "democratization" of mathematics: even complex results, which have always required a broad background of knowledge and laborious calculations, are now quickly accessible to anyone who understands the meaning of mathematical objects and knows how to use the syntax.
Matematica e cultura 2007 = Mathematics and culture 2007
We talk about theater even if the page cannot tell about Bustric's unforgettable show. And about art, and applied arts, such as geometric structure and spiritual meaning of the Zen garden of Ryoanji in Kyoto, and of soap bubbles, which are almost never lacking in Venetian encounters, Four-dimensional bubbles and gigantic bubbles that serve as a model for the Olympic swimming pool in Bejing
Matematica e cultura 2005 = Mathematics and culture 2005
E si parla di arte; oltre che di Pizzinato, di Pollock, grazie alla collaborazione della Guggenheim Collection di Venezia.E si parla di architettura, dalla topologia ai progetti di Ghery e di Renzo Piano.E di modelli matematici per la lotta contro il cancro, contro l’AIDS.Di come la matematica può aiutare a prevenire e intervenire. E si parla di matematica della guerra e di come la matematica possa aiutare a proteggere l’ambiente. Nel gennaio 2005, scrivendo queste parole, diventa di grande e drammatica attualità l’utilizzo dei modelli matematici per la meteorologia. Prevedere per salvare.
Masonry Constructions : Mechanical Models and Numerical Applications
This monograph firstly provides a detailed description of the constitutive equation of masonry-like materials, clearly setting out its most important features. It then goes on to provide a numerical procedure to solve the equilibrium problem of masonry solids.
Mary and Early Christian Women : Hidden Leadership
This book reveals exciting early Christian evidence that Mary was remembered as a powerful role model for women leaders—women apostles, baptizers, and presiders at the ritual meal. Early Christian art portrays Mary and other women clergy serving as deacon, presbyter/priest, and bishop. In addition, the two oldest surviving artifacts to depict people at an altar table inside a real church depict women and men in a gender-parallel liturgy inside two of the most important churches in Christendom—Old Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome and the second Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. Dr. Kateusz’s research brings to light centuries of censorship, both ancient and modern, and debunks the modern imagination that from the beginning only men were apostles and clergy.
Martingale Methods in Financial Modelling
This book provides a comprehensive, self-contained and up-to-date treatment of the main topics in the theory of option pricing. The first part of the text starts with discrete-time models of financial markets, including the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein binomial model. The passage from discrete- to continuous-time models, done in the Black-Scholes model setting, assumes familiarity with basic ideas and results from stochastic calculus. However, an Appendix containing all the necessary results is included. This model setting is later generalized to cover standard and exotic options involving several assets and/or currencies. An outline of the general theory of arbitrage pricing is presented. The second part of the text is devoted to the term structure modelling and the pricing of interest-rate derivatives. The main emphasis is on models that can be made consistent with market pricing practice.
Markov Decision Processes with Their Applications
Markov decision processes (MDPs), also called stochastic dynamic programming, were first studied in the 1960s. MDPs can be used to model and solve dynamic decision-making problems that are multi-period and occur in stochastic circumstances. There are three basic branches in MDPs: discrete-time MDPs, continuous-time MDPs and semi-Markov decision processes. Starting from these three branches, many generalized MDPs models have been applied to various practical problems. These models include partially observable MDPs, adaptive MDPs, MDPs in stochastic environments, and MDPs with multiple objectives, constraints or imprecise parameters.
Markov Chains : Models, Algorithms and Applications
Markov chains are a particularly powerful and widely used tool for analyzing a variety of stochastic (probabilistic) systems over time. This monograph will present a series of Markov models, starting from the basic models and then building up to higher-order models. Included in the higher-order discussions are multivariate models, higher-order multivariate models, and higher-order hidden models. In each case, the focus is on the important kinds of applications that can be made with the class of models being considered in the current chapter. Special attention is given to numerical algorithms that can efficiently solve the models. Therefore, Markov Chains: Models, Algorithms and Applications outlines recent developments of Markov chain models for modeling queueing sequences, Internet, re-manufacturing systems, reverse logistics, inventory systems, bio-informatics, DNA sequences, genetic networks, data mining, and many other practical systems.
Marine resource damage assessment : Liability and compensation for environmental damage
MARE-DASM research focused on: (i) the estimation and distribution of marine contaminants in order to assess their long term effects (ecotoxicology); (ii) the integration of these result into a Biological Effects SubModel and a mathematical model assessing the risks associated with accidental spillage of oil at sea and the damage this can cause (modelling); (iii) the assessment of the willingness to pay for ecological damage, based on the Contingent Valuation Method (economics); (iv) the development and evaluation of measures to be taken in order to guarantee a sustainable use of the Belgian part of the North Sea, taking into account the economic and social interests and values (social economics); (v) the potential to develop technical and legal procedures that allow ecological damage to the marine environment to be evaluated and compensated, taking into account constraints in national and international liability legislation (legal).
Marine Geochemistry
Since 1980 a considerable amount of scientific research dealing with geochemical processes in marine sediments has been carried out. This textbook summarizes the state of the art in this field of research. The topics comprise the examination of sedimentological and physical properties of the sedimentary solid phase, of pore water and pore water constituents, organic matter as the driving force of most microbiological processes, biotic and abiotic redox reactions, carbonates and stable isotopes as proxies for paleoclimate reconstruction, metal enrichments in ferromanganese nodules and crusts as well as in hot vents and cold seeps on the seafloor. A new chapter describes properties, occurrence and formation of gas hydrates in marine sediments. The textbook ends with a chapter on model conceptions and computer models to quantify processes of early diagenesis.
Marine carbon biogeochemistry : A primer for earth system scientists
This book discusses biogeochemical processes relevant to carbon and aims to provide with insight into the functioning of marine ecosystems. A carbon centric approach has been adopted, but other elements are included where relevant or needed. The book focuses on concepts and quantitative understanding of primary production, organic matter mineralization and sediment biogeochemistry. The impact of biogeochemical processes on inorganic carbon dynamics and organic matter transformation are also discussed.
Map-based Mobile Services : Design, Interaction and Usability
It addresses methods and techniques for topics that range from design and rendering, context modelling, personalisation, multimodal interaction to usability test. Instead of striving for a seamless coverage of all essential theoretical and technical issues with an equal depth and extent, we attempt to pinpoint a number of research highlights and representative development activities at universities, research institutions and so- ware industry. The operational prototypes and platforms reported in the book are on the one hand outcome and feasibility proof of various approaches. On the other hand, they serve as a new starting point for the refinement of user interfaces and iterative usability tests.
Managing Weather and Climate Risks in Agriculture
In many parts of the world, weather and climate are one of the biggest production risks and uncertainty factors impacting on agricultural systems performance and management. Both structural and non-structural measures can be used to reduce the impacts of the variability (including extremes) of climate resources on crop production. While the structural measures include strategies such as irrigation, water harvesting, windbreaks etc., the non-structural measures include use of seasonal to interannual climate forecasts, improved application of medium-range weather forecasts and crop insurance. This book based on an International Workshop held in New Delhi, India should be of interest to all organizations and agencies interested in improved risk management in agriculture.
Managing the Complexity of Critical Infrastructures : A Modelling and Simulation Approach
This book summarizes work being pursued in the context of the CIPRNet (Critical Infrastructure Preparedness and Resilience Research Network) research project, co-funded by the European Union under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). The project is intended to provide concrete and on-going support to the Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) research communities, enhancing their preparedness for CI-related emergencies, while also providing expertise and technologies for other stakeholders to promote their understanding and mitigation of the consequences of CI disruptions, leading to enhanced resilience.
Managing Forest Ecosystems : The Challenge of Climate Change
With climate change now charging up the political agenda, there are three issues commonly making the headlines: carbon budgets, renewable energy, and the anticipated impacts of climate change. Equally important, though currently less well covered, is the issue how these effects might be mitigated. Given the significant role that forests play in the climate system – as sources, sinks, and through carbon trading – this book discusses the current scientific evidence on the relationships between climate, forest resources and forest management practices around the world. Drawing on expertise from forest scientists from several continents, the book presents both in depth analysis of the current knowledge, and a series of case studies which assess the biological and the economic impacts of climate change. It includes sections on forest responses to climate change, monitoring and modeling changes, economic and management implications, and carbon sequestration under specific management systems.
