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Mathematical Epidemiology
Based on lecture notes of two summer schools with a mixed audience from mathematical sciences, epidemiology and public health, this volume offers a comprehensive introduction to basic ideas and techniques in modeling infectious diseases, for the comparison of strategies to plan for an anticipated epidemic or pandemic, and to deal with a disease outbreak in real time. It covers detailed case studies for diseases including pandemic influenza, West Nile virus, and childhood diseases. Models for other diseases including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, fox rabies, and sexually transmitted infections are included as applications. Its chapters are coherent and complementary independent units. In order to accustom students to look at the current literature and to experience different perspectives, no attempt has been made to achieve united writing style or unified notation.
Mathematical and Computational Models for Congestion Charging
This book presents rigorous treatments of issues related to congestion pricing. The chapters describe recent advances in areas such as mathematical and computational models for predicting traffic congestion, determining when, where, and how much to levy tolls, and analyzing the impact of tolls on transporation systems. The analyses and methodologies developed in this book provide Mechanisms that aid in determining and comparing congestion pricing schemes; Methodologies for evaluating the efficiency of existing and proposed congestion pricing schemes; A means to predict the impact of pricing on urban transporation systems; and Information essential to the financial and political success of congestion pricing programs.
Mathematical Analysis I
The purpose of the volume is to provide a support for a first course in Mathematical Analysis, along the lines of the recent Programme Specifications for mathematical teaching in European universities. The contents are organised to appeal especially to Engineering, Physics and Computer Science students, all areas in which mathematical tools play a crucial role. Basic notions and methods of differential and integral calculus for functions of one real variable are presented in a manner that elicits critical reading and prompts a hands-on approach to concrete applications. The layout has a specifically-designed modular nature, allowing the instructor to make flexible didactical choices when planning an introductory lecture course. The book may in fact be employed at three levels of depth. At the elementary level the student is supposed to grasp the very essential ideas and familiarise with the corresponding key techniques.
Mathematical Analysis : Linear and Metric Structures and Continuity
The book is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the basic ideas of linear and metric spaces, including the Jordan canonical form of matrices and the spectral theorem for self-adjoint and normal operators. The second part examines the role of general topology in the context of metric spaces and includes the notions of homotopy and degree. The third and final part is a discussion on Banach spaces of continuous functions, Hilbert spaces and the spectral theory of compact operators.
Matematica generale con il calcolatore
By introducing mathematical objects, it teaches students how to use a computer to perform numerical and symbolic calculations, define a function and calculate its values, plot and explore graphs, and execute simple algorithms. The course is rich in examples, applications, and models, drawn from economics, physics, biology, statistics, and mathematics itself. The analysis of these models constitutes, in a certain sense, the true purpose of the mathematical theory covered. Automatic calculation tools (mathematics software, spreadsheets) are used extensively to explore and illustrate concepts and properties. Mathcad® software, in particular, was used, both as a calculation tool and as a simple yet powerful programming language. Considerable space is devoted to approximation, emphasizing the distinction between numerical and symbolic calculation; to algorithms as a synthesis of the syntactic and semantic aspects of mathematical objects; and to computer simulation, interpreted as a "physical" experiment and a source of conjecture. The ability to use a calculator marks a sort of "democratization" of mathematics: even complex results, which have always required a broad background of knowledge and laborious calculations, are now quickly accessible to anyone who understands the meaning of mathematical objects and knows how to use the syntax.
Marxist Philosophy in China : From Qu Qiubai to Mao Zedong, 1923-1945
The book sets the philosophical writings of philosophers in the context of the development of Marxist philosophy internationally, and examines particularly the influence on these philosophers of Soviet Marxist philosophy. It argues that these Chinese Marxist philosophers’ interpretations of Marxist philosophy were quite orthodox when judged by the standards of contemporary Soviet Marxism. The book explores core themes in Marxist philosophy in China, including the dilemma of determinism, and investigates the way in which these Chinese Marxist philosophers sought a formula for the ‘Sinification’ of Marxist philosophy that both retained the universal dimensions of Marxism and allowed its application to the Chinese context. The book concludes with analysis of the role of the Yanan New Philosophy Association in developing from Soviet Marxist philosophy the philosophical dimension of Mao Zedong Thought, the official ideology of the Chinese Communist Party after 1945.
Marswalk One : First Steps on a New Planet
MARSWALK ONE: First Steps on a New Planet addresses the question of why we should embark on a journey to Mars, documenting what the first human crew will do when they place their feet in the red dust of the planet. The book also addresses why we need to carry out these tasks and, more importantly, what a human crew could achieve that an automated mission could not. Understanding the clear benefits of sending a human crew to the surface of Mars, and how these benefits can be seen back on Earth, is the key to sustained long-term public and political support for the programme in terms of cash and commitment. The book accepts that the journey will be made, but does not specify precisely when. Flight time, and how to get to and from the planet are discussed briefly, to understand why the suggested duration spent at Mars is reasonable. The main objective of the work is to look at what science will be done on the surface – supported by orbital operations – and what hardware and technology will be employed to achieve the mission objectives. This analysis is drawn from previous experiences in manned and unmanned space programmes, including Apollo, Skylab, Salyut/Mir, Shuttle and ISS, Viking, Luna/Lunokhod, and recent Mars missions such as Pathfinder and Global Surveyor.
Maritime Archaeology and Social Relations : British Action in the Southern Hemisphere
This book goes beyond a descriptive analysis of wrecks by exploring them and their cargoes as embodiments of 18th century social relations. Maritime Archaeology and Social Relations challenges traditional maritime approaches providing a different perspective that emphasises the richness, diversity and complexity of British action.By applying the concept of praxis, British action is integrated in both land and maritime spaces. A closer look into the associated experienced landscapes enhances our understanding of how social identities were projected at local and global levels.
Marine Eutrophication in Perspective : On the Relevance of Ecology for Environmental Policy
Is ecological knowledge relevant for environmental policy and if so, to what extent and in what way? These are some of the basic questions addressed in this book. Triggered by a series of oxygen depletion events in German, Danish and Swedish coastal waters at the beginning of the 1980s, international policies to reduce inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus to the North Sea were agreed upon by the North Sea states. The book provides a critical analysis of the role, scientists and scientific information, as well as civil servants, have played in the formulation and implementation of these decisions.
Mapping selfies and memes as Touch
This book offers a rich and nuanced analysis of digitally networked socialities as culturally meaningful relationships of Touch. Focusing on the ways Touch is practised in everyday social interactions serves as a basis for understanding how Touch is multiply significant – physically, emotionally, intellectually and politically. Fiona Andreallo initiates a map of the fundamentals of Touch and how they can be considered for future research in considering digitally networked cultures. This map also serves as a basis for closely examining selfies and memes.
Many Body Structure of Strongly Interacting Systems ; Refereed and Selected Contributions from the Symposium "20 Years of Physics at the Mainz Microtron MAMI"
This carefully edited proceedings volume provides an extensive review and analysis of the work carried out over the past 20 years at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI). This research centered around the application of Quantum Chromodynamics in the strictly nonperturbative regime at hadronic scales of about 1 fm. Due to the many degrees of freedom in hadrons at this scale the leitmotiv of this research is "Many body structure of strongly interacting systems". Further, an outlook on the research with the forthcoming upgrade of MAMI is given. This volume is an authoritative source of reference for everyone interested in the field of the electro-weak probing of the structure of hadrons.
Manufacturing Execution Systems - MES
The production plants of today develop into modern service centers. Economic efficiency of modern added value is not a property of products alone but of the process. Decisive potential in business now is a question of process capability, rather than production capability. Process capability in business requires real-time systems for optimization. Business-IT needs to be developed from telecommunications and ERP to real time services, which are not offered by the prevailing ERP systems. Today, only modern Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) offer real-time applications. They generate current as well as historic mappings of production facilities and thus they can be used as basis for optimizations. It is important to map the supply chain in real time. Increasing complexity in production requires an integrated view of the production and service facilities: detailed scheduling, status collection, quality, performance analysis, tracing of material and so on have to be recorded and displayed in an integrated way.
Manual for Soil Analysis - Monitoring and Assessing Soil Bioremediation
Reliable methods for monitoring and assessing soil quality are a prerequisite for successful soil bioremediation projects. The fifth volume of Soil Biology presents detailed descriptions of selected methods for evaluating, monitoring and assessing bioremediation treatments of soils contaminated with organic pollutants or heavy metals.
Managing Forest Ecosystems : The Challenge of Climate Change
With climate change now charging up the political agenda, there are three issues commonly making the headlines: carbon budgets, renewable energy, and the anticipated impacts of climate change. Equally important, though currently less well covered, is the issue how these effects might be mitigated. Given the significant role that forests play in the climate system – as sources, sinks, and through carbon trading – this book discusses the current scientific evidence on the relationships between climate, forest resources and forest management practices around the world. Drawing on expertise from forest scientists from several continents, the book presents both in depth analysis of the current knowledge, and a series of case studies which assess the biological and the economic impacts of climate change. It includes sections on forest responses to climate change, monitoring and modeling changes, economic and management implications, and carbon sequestration under specific management systems.
Malliavin Calculus for Lévy Processes with Applications to Finance
While the original works on Malliavin calculus aimed to study the smoothness of densities of solutions to stochastic differential equations, this book has another goal. It portrays the most important and innovative applications in stochastic control and finance, such as hedging in complete and incomplete markets, optimisation in the presence of asymmetric information and also pricing and sensitivity analysis. In a self-contained fashion, both the Malliavin calculus with respect to Brownian motion and general Lévy type of noise are treated. Besides, forward integration is included and indeed extended to general Lévy processes. The forward integration is a recent development within anticipative stochastic calculus that, together with the Malliavin calculus, provides new methods for the study of insider trading problems.
Magnetism : A Synchrotron Radiation Approach
Contains the edited lectures of the fourth Mittelwihr school on "Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation". This series of events introduces graduate students and nonspecialists from related disciplines to the field of magnetism and magnetic materials with emphasis on synchrotron radiation as an experimental tool of investigation. These lecture notes present in particular the state of the art regarding the analysis of magnetic properties of new materials.
Magnetic Nanostructures in Modern Technology ; Spintronics, Magnetic MEMS and Recording
A team of outstanding scientists in the field of modern magnetic nanotechnologies illustrates the state of the art in several areas of advanced magneto-electronic devices, magnetic micro-electromechanical systems and high density information storage technologies.The physics and chemistry of nano-scale systems have made rapid advances and there are real prospects of translating exciting scientific findings into a new generation of processes and high technology products with a potential impact on several industrial sectors. In particular the development of nano-structured magnetic materials plays a leading role in the increasing miniaturization of devices with superior performances.
Machine Learning in Document Analysis and Recognition
The objective of Document Analysis and Recognition (DAR) is to recognize the text and graphicalcomponents of a document and to extract information. With ?rst papers dating back to the 1960’s, DAR is a mature but still gr- ing research?eld with consolidated and known techniques. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engines are some of the most widely recognized pr- ucts of the research in this ?eld, while broader DAR techniques are nowadays studied and applied to other industrial and o?ce automation systems. In the machine learning community, one of the most widely known - search problems addressed in DAR is recognition of unconstrained handwr- ten characters which has been frequently used in the past as a benchmark for evaluating machine learning algorithms, especially supervised classi?ers.
Low-Power High-Level Synthesis for Nanoscale CMOS Circuits
Low-Power High-Level Synthesis for Nanoscale CMOS Circuits addresses the need for analysis, characterization, estimation, and optimization of the various forms of power dissipation in the presence of process variations of nano-CMOS technologies. The authors show very large-scale integration (VLSI) researchers and engineers how to minimize the different types of power consumption of digital circuits.
Low-Frequency Noise in Advanced MOS Devices
Low-Frequency Noise in Advanced CMOS Devices begins with an introduction to noise, describing the fundamental noise sources and basic circuit analysis. The characterization of low-frequency noise is discussed in detail and useful practical advice is given. The various theoretical and compact low-frequency (1/f) noise models in MOS transistors are treated extensively providing an in-depth understanding of the low-frequency noise mechanisms and the potential sources of the noise in MOS transistors. Advanced CMOS technology including nanometer scaled devices, strained Si, SiGe, SOI, high-k gate dielectrics, multiple gates and metal gates are discussed from a low-frequency noise point of view. Some of the most recent publications and conference presentations are included in order to give the very latest view on the topics. The book ends with an introduction to noise in analog/RF circuits and describes how the low-frequency noise can affect these circuits.
