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الصفحة 21
الصفحة 21
Algèbre, Chapitres 1 à 3 = Algebra, Chapters 1 to 3
To do algebra is essentially to calculate, that is to say to perform, on elements of a set, (<algebraic operations n, the best-known example of which is provided by the (<four rules)) of elementary arithmetic. This is not the place to retrace the slow process of progressive abstraction by which the notion of algebraic operation, initially restricted to natural integers and to measurable quantities, gradually widened its field, as it grew. at the same time generalized the notion of ((number O, until, going beyond the latter, it came to apply to elements which no longer had any character ((numeric)>, for example to permutations of a - seems (see Historical Note in chap. 1).
Algebraic Theory of Locally Nilpotent Derivations
This book explores the theory and application of locally nilpotent derivations, which is a subject of growing interest and importance not only among those in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, but also in fields such as Lie algebras and differential equations. The author provides a unified treatment of the subject, beginning with 16 First Principles on which the entire theory is based. These are used to establish classical results, such as Rentschler’s Theorem for the plane, right up to the most recent results, such as Makar-Limanov’s Theorem for locally nilpotent derivations of polynomial rings.
Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory : In Honor of Vladimir Drinfeld's 50th Birthday
One of the most creative mathematicians of our times, Vladimir Drinfeld received the Fields Medal in 1990 for his groundbreaking contributions to the Langlands program and to the theory of quantum groups.These ten original articles by prominent mathematicians, dedicated to Drinfeld on the occasion of his 50th birthday, broadly reflect the range of Drinfeld's own interests in algebra, algebraic geometry, and number theory.
Algebraic Analysis of Differential Equations : from Microlocal Analysis to Exponential Asymptotics Festschrift in Honor of Takahiro Kawai Editors
This volume contains 23 articles on algebraic analysis of differential equations and related topics, most of which were presented as papers at the international conference "Algebraic Analysis of Differential Equations – from Microlocal Analysis to Exponential Asymptotics" at Kyoto University in 2005. Microlocal analysis and exponential asymptotics are intimately connected and provide powerful tools that have been applied to linear and non-linear differential equations as well as many related fields such as real and complex analysis, integral transforms, spectral theory, inverse problems, integrable systems, and mathematical physics. The articles contained here present many new results and ideas, providing interested researchers and students with valuable suggestions and instructive guidance for their work.
Algebra : Fields with structure, algebras and advanced topics
The present textbook is a lively, problem-oriented and carefully written introduction to classical modern algebra. The author leads the reader through interesting subject matter, while assuming only the background provided by a first course in linear algebra. The first volume focuses on field extensions. Galois theory and its applications are treated more thoroughly than in most texts. It also covers basic applications to number theory, ring extensions and algebraic geometry. The main focus of the second volume is on additional structure of fields and related topics. Much material not usually covered in textbooks appears here, including real fields and quadratic forms, the Tsen rank of a field, the calculus of Witt vectors, the Schur group of a field, and local class field theory.
Air-Ice-Ocean Interaction : Turbulent Ocean Boundary Layer Exchange Processes
At a time when the polar regions are undergoing rapid and unprecedented change, understanding exchanges of momentum, heat and salt at the ice-ocean interface is critical for realistically predicting the future state of sea ice. By offering a measurement platform largely unaffected by surface waves, drifting sea ice provides a unique laboratory for studying aspects of geophysical boundary layer flows that are extremely difficult to measure elsewhere. This book draws on both extensive observations and theoretical principles to develop a concise description of the impact of stress, rotation, and buoyancy on the turbulence scales that control exchanges between the atmosphere and underlying ocean when sea ice is present. Several interesting and unique observational data sets are used to illustrate different aspects of ice-ocean interaction ranging from the impact of salt on melting in the Greenland Sea marginal ice zone, to how nonlinearities in the equation of state for seawater affect mixing in the Weddell Sea.
Agricultural Implications of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident : The First Three Years
Consists of various topics, including radioactivity inspection of food products; decontamination trials for rice and livestock production; the state of contamination in wild animals and birds, trees, mushrooms, and timber; the dynamics of radioactivity distribution in mountain and paddy fields; damage incurred by the forestry and fishery industries; and the change in consumers’ minds. The last chapter introduces a real-time radioisotope imaging system, the forefront technique to visualize actual movement of cesium in soil and in plants. This is the only book to provide systematic data about the actual change of radioactivity, and thus is of great value for all researchers who wish to understand the effect of radioactive fallout on agriculture.
Agricultural Implications of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident (III)
Reports on studies undertaken at contaminated sites such as farmland, forests, and marine and freshwater environments, with a particular focus on livestock, wild plants and mushrooms, crops, and marine products in those environments. It also provides additional data collected in the subsequent years to show how the radioactivity levels in agricultural products and their growing environments have changed with time and the route by which radioactive materials entered agricultural products as well as their movement between different components (e.g., soil, water, and trees) within an environmental system (e.g., forests). The book covers various topics, including radioactivity testing of food products; decontamination trials for rice and livestock production; the state of contamination in, trees, mushrooms, and timber; the dynamics of radioactivity distribution in paddy fields and upland forests; damage incurred by the forestry and fishery industries; and the change in consumers’ attitudes. Chapter 19 introduces a real-time radioisotope imaging system, a pioneering technique to visualize the movement of cesium in soil and in plants.
African Languages and Literatures in the 21st Century
Examines the crucial role still played by African languages in pedagogy and literatures in the 21st century, generating insights into how they effectively serve cultural needs across the African continent and beyond. Boldly positioning African languages as key resources in the 21st century, chapters focus on themes such as language revolt by marginalized groups at grassroots level, the experience of American students learning African languages, female empowerment through the use of African languages in music, film and literary works, and immigration issues. The contributions are written by scholars of language, literature, education and linguistics, and will be of interest to students and scholars in these and related areas.
Advancing Energy Policy : Lessons on the integration of Social Sciences and Humanities
Advocates for the Social Sciences and Humanities to be more involved in energy policymaking. It forms part of the European platform for energy-related Social Sciences and Humanities’ activities, and works on the premise that crossing disciplines is essential. All of its contributions are highly interdisciplinary, with each chapter grounded in at least three different Social Sciences and Humanities disciplines. These varying perspectives come together to cover an array of issues relevant to the energy transition, including: energy poverty, justice, political ecology, governance, behaviours, imaginaries, systems approaches, modelling, as well as the particular challenges faced by interdisciplinary work. As a whole, the book presents new ideas for future energy policy, particularly at the European level. It is a valuable resource for energy researchers interested in interdisciplinary and society-relevant perspectives. Those working outside the Social Sciences and Humanities will find this book an accessible way of learning more about how these subjects can constructively contribute to energy policy.
Advances in solid state physics ; Vol. 45
The book presents, to some extent, the status of the field of solid-state physics in 2005 not only in Germany but also internationally. It is ''nanoscience'', namely the physics of quantum dots and wires, electrical transport, optical properties, spin transport in nanostructures, and magnetism on the nanoscale, that is of central interest to the physics community. Also, soft matter and biological systems are covered.
Advances in Meteoroid and Meteor Science
This volume is a compilation of articles that summarize the most recent results in meteor, meteoroid and related fields presented at the Meteoroids 2007 conference held at the impressive CosmoCaixa Science Museum in Barcelona, Spain. The conference took place between the 11th and the 15th of June and was organized by the Institute of Space Sciences (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC) and the Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC). Researchers in meteor science and supporting fields representing more than 20 countries participated at this international conference.
Advances in Meshfree Techniques
In recent years meshless/meshfree methods have gained a considerable attention in engineering and applied mathematics. The variety of problems that are now being addressed by these techniques continues to expand and the quality of the results obtained demonstrates the effectiveness of many of the methods currently available. The book presents a significant sample of the state of the art in the field with methods that have reached a certain level of maturity while also addressing many open issues.The book collects extended original contributions presented at the first ECCOMAS Conference on Meshless Methods held in 2005 in Lisbon. The list of contributors reveals a mix of highly distinguished authors as well as quite young but very active and promising researchers, thus giving the reader an interesting and updated view of different mesh reduction methods and its range of applications. The material presented is appropriate for researchers, engineers, physicists, applied mathematicians and graduate students interested in this active research area.
Advances in Fractional Calculus : Theoretical Developments and Applications in Physics and Engineering
The scope of the book is thus to present the state of the art in the study of fractional systems and the application of fractional differentiation.As this volume covers recent applications of fractional calculus, it will be of interest to engineers, scientists, and applied mathematicians.
Advances in Control, Communication Networks, and Transportation Systems: In Honor of Pravin Varaiya
This volume presented at the Symposium on Systems, Control, and Networks.The chapters include recent results and surveys by leading experts on topics that reflect many of the research and teaching interests of Varaiya, including: * hybrid systems and applications * communication, wireless, and sensor networks * transportation systems * stochastic systems * systems education
Advanced Topics in Control Systems Theory ; Vol. 328 : Lecture Notes from FAP 2005
"Advanced Topics in Control Systems Theory" contains selected contributions written by lecturers at the third (annual) Formation d’Automatique de Paris (FAP) (Graduate Control School in Paris). Following on from the lecture notes from the second FAP (Volume 311 in the same series) it is addressed to graduate students and researchers in control theory with topics touching on a variety of areas of interest to the control community such as nonlinear optimal control, observer design, stability analysis and structural properties of linear systems. The reader is provided with a well-integrated synthesis of the latest thinking in these subjects without the need for an exhaustive literature review. The internationally known contributors to this volume represent many of the most reputable control centers in Europe.
Advanced Topics in Control Systems Theory ; Vol. 311 : Lecture Notes from FAP 2004
Advanced Topics in Control Systems Theory contains selected contributions written by lecturers at the second (annual) Formation dAutomatique de Paris (FAP) (Graduate Control School in Paris). It is addressed to graduate students and researchers in control theory with topics touching on a variety of areas of interest to the control community such as cascaded systems, flatness, optimal control, and Hamiltonian and infinite-dimensional systems. The reader is provided with a well-integrated synthesis of the latest thinking in these subjects without the need for an exhaustive literature review.
Advanced computational intelligence paradigms in healthcare 2
Computational intelligence paradigms offer many advantages in maintaining and enhancing the field of healthcare. This volume presents seven chapters selected from the rapidly growing application areas of computational intelligence to healthcare systems, including intelligent synthetic characters, man-machine interface, menu generators, analysis of user acceptance, pictures archiving and communication systems.This book will serve as a useful resource for the health professionals, professors, students, and the computer scientists, who are working on or interested in learning healthcare systems, to overview the current stat-of-the-art of diverse applications of computational intelligence to healthcare practice.
Ad-Hoc Networking Towards Seamless Communications
Ad-Hoc Networking Towards Seamless Communications is dedicated to an area that attracts growing interest in academia and industry and concentrates on wireless ad hoc networking paradigm. The persistent efforts to acquire the ability to establish dynamic wireless connections from anywhere to anyone with any device without prerequisite imbedded infrastructure move the communications boundaries towards ad-hoc networks. Recently, ad hoc networking has attracted growing interest due to advances in wireless communications, and developed framework for running IP based protocols. The expected degree of penetration of these networks will depend on the successful resolution of the key features.
Adaptive Atmospheric Modeling : Key Techniques in Grid Generation, Data Structures, and Numerical Operations with Applications
This is an overview of the development of adaptive techniques for atmospheric modeling. Written in an educational style, it functions as a starting point for readers interested in adaptive modeling, in atmospheric sciences and beyond. Coverage includes paradigms of adaptive techniques, such as error estimation and adaptation criteria. Mesh generation methods are presented for triangular/tetrahedral and quadrilateral/hexahedral meshes, with a special section on initial meshes for the sphere.
